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Several other meetings between Churchill and FED followed in Washington, Sibilance and Quebec, to plan future global military strategy. (Conferences) In November of 1943,Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt were joined by Chinese leader Aching Aka-she in Cairo. They discussed plans for the Normandy Invasion and military operations in China against the Japanese. The three leaders issued a declaration that Japan shall be stripped of all the land seized or occupied since the beginning of the First World War in 1914, and that Manchuria, Formosa, and the Possessors, shall be restored to the Republic of China.
The declaration went on to reaffirm the goal that Korea shall become free and independent. (Cairo) upon conclusion of the first Cairo Conference, Churchill and Roosevelt flew to Iran for the Tehran Conference with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. Though the military discussions were at the forefront of the meeting, the Tehran Conference saw more political discussion than had occurred in any of the previous meeting between the Allies. Stalin made known his desire to retain the lands obtained in his pacts with Germany and to gain the Baltic coast of East Prussia.
Churchill and Roosevelt were non-committal on this point but agreed with Stalin on the settlement of Poland. They did agree on Iran, which Allied forces were partly occupying, and published a declaration guaranteeing its postwar independence and territorial integrity. (Kananga) In February of 1945, Churchill, FORD, and Stalin met at Yalta, Crimea, in the USSR. They reiterated the policy of demanding Germany’s unconditional surrender, and made preliminary plans for dividing Germany into American, British, French, and Soviet zones Of occupation.
Many of the important decisions made here remained secret until the end of World War II for various litany or political reasons. The USSR secretly agreed to enter the war against Japan within three months of Germany’s surrender and was promised S Sailing, the Krill Islands, and an occupation zone in Korea. There were also other secret agreements about the disposal of Japan’s holdings, and the status of Central Europe. (Yalta) After the outbreak of the cold war, a lot of criticism was leveled at the participants of the Yalta Conference for delivering Eastern Europe to Communist domination.
However, as Robert Dealer has pointed out in Franklin Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, “FED was hoping the future United Nations organization would be the place to deal with Stalin, not at Yalta. He told Doll Berne “l didn’t say the result was good. I said it was the best I could do. ” Both Roosevelt and Churchill recognized the reality of Soviet power in 1945. ” (Cold War) The Potsdam Conference in July and August of 1945 again featured the victorious leaders of the Allies in Europe but with several new leaders.
Truman replaced the deceased FED, and Clement Attlee had replaced Churchill who had recently lost his election. The principles governing Germany were agreed on, and a mode for German reparations payments was outlined. All former German territory east of the Odder and Incise rivers was transferred to Polish and Soviet administration, and the German population in these territories and in other parts of Eastern Europe were to be transferred to Germany. Council of Foreign Ministers was established to consider peace settlements.