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Cold War Review Questions 1. After defeating the Germans, the United States and the Soviet Union were two nuclear-armed superpowers. 2. Containment is the purpose of which was to resist the extension of Soviet expansion and influence in the expectation that eventually the Soviet Union would collapse from internal pressures and the burdens of its foreign oppression. 3. The United States tried to contain the Soviet Union in the East of Europe. They were kept in Russia, Germany, and Vietnam for a few examples. 4. 956 was a highly important year because of the three crises that occurred. The Suez Intervention, Polish efforts towards independent action, and the Hungarian uprising all happened in 1956. In 1962, the main event was the invasion of Czechoslovakia. 5. Khrushchev absolutely opposed all ideas of Stalin. He even had a process called de-Stalinization in which he put the Soviet Union in a state before Stalin came into power. 6. Many people considered Khrushchev reckless because he tore the ideas of communism down.
He allowed freer expression of opinion, made modest efforts to meet the demand for more consumer goods, decentralized economic planning, and removed many restrictive regulations on private cultivation. 7. The European economy in post-World War II had collapsed. European colonial powers were less able to afford to maintain their military and administrative positions abroad. 8. World War II drew the military forces of the colonial powers back to Europe. 9. Gandhi held peaceful revolts against the British. Often times he even was arrested and put into jail.
Whenever put into jail, Gandhi would have extensive dieting fast to embarrass the British. He ended up gaining worldwide publicity and eventually led to the British decolonization of India. 10. The British retreat from empire involved violence but at no point did the British “make a stand. ” On the contrary, France fought to reassert its position as a great power but ultimately failed. 11. The United States supported Diem but demanded reforms in his government. On November 1, 1963, Diem was murdered by the United States.
The United States found a new leader for Vietnam. Later, the United States helped South Vietnam win against North Vietnam. 12. Vietnam experienced Vietnamization, which involved the gradual withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam while South Vietnamese army took over the full military effort. 13. 14. The reforms Gorbachev put into place forced him out of office in seven years but also put an end to Communism. 15. Poland broke free of the Soviet Union and had their first noncommunist prime minister since 1945. 16. 17. Yes. Yugoslavia was created after World War I. 8. Yugoslavia broke into civil war because of the ethnic differences. There were seven major national groups: Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Bosnians, and Albanians. 19. The Serbs starting pursuing a policy called “ethnic cleansing,” just like the event in World War II. The bombs they dropped on Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina, brought the violence of the civil war to the attention of the world. NATO forces then carried out strategic airstrikes and recognized an independent Bosnia. 20. 21. 22. 23.