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ASSIGNMENT: DISCUSS THE EVOLUTION OF INTEL PROCESSORS Intel 4004- First Single-Chip Microprocessor (4-bit CPU) • Introduced November 15, 1971 • Maximum clock speed was 740 kHz • 12-bit addresses • 8-bit instructions • 4-bit data words • Program Memory 4 KB • Instruction set contained 46 instructions (of which 41 were 8 bits wide and 5 were 16 bits wide) • Register set contained 16 registers of 4 bits each • Internal subroutine stack 3 levels deep Intel 8008- An 8 bit CPU designed by Intel • Introduced April 1, 1972 • Clock rate 200 kHz (8008–1: 800 kHz) • 0. 05 MIPS Bus Width 8 bits (multiplexed address/data due to limited pins) • Enhancement load PMOS logic • Number of Transistors 3,500 at 10 µm • Addressable memory 16 KB • Typical in early 8 bit microcomputers, dumb terminals, general calculators, bottling machines • Developed in tandem with 4004 • Originally intended for use in the Data point 2200 microcomputer • Key volume deployment in Texas Instruments 742 microcomputer in >3,000 Ford dealerships Intel 8086- 16 bit processor designed by Intel • Introduced June 8, 1978 • Clock rates: • 4. 77 MHz with 0. 33 • 8 MHz with 0. 66 MIPS • 10 MHz with 0. 75 MIPS Bus Width 16 bits data, 20 bits address • Number of Transistors 29,000 at 3 µm • Addressable memory 1 megabyte • Up to 10X the performance of 8080 Pentium I- 32 bit Processor designed by Intel • Introduced March 22, 1993 • Bus width 64 bits • Prepared by: Group I (Microprocessors and its Architecture) • System bus clock rate 60 or 66 MHz • Address bus 32 bits • Addressable Memory 4 GB • Virtual Memory 64 TB • Superscalar architecture • Runs on 5 volts • Used in desktops • 16 KB of L1 cache Pentium Pro- is a sixth-generation x86 microprocessor developed and manufactured by Intel (32 bit) • Introduced November 1, 1995 Precursor to Pentium II and III • Primarily used in server systems • Socket 8 processor package (387 pins) (Dual SPGA) • Number of transistors 5. 5 million • 0. 6 µm process technology • 16 KB L1 cache • 256 KB integrated L2 cache • 60 MHz system bus clock rate • Variants (150 MHz) Pentium II- brand refers to Intel’s sixth-generation micro architecture (“Intel P6”) and x86-compatible microprocessors (32 bit) • Introduced May 7, 1997 • Pentium Pro with MMX and improved 16-bit performance • 242-pin Slot 1 (SEC) processor package • Number of transistors 7. 5 million • 32 KB L1 cache • 512 KB ? andwidth external L2 cache • The only Pentium II that did not have the L2 cache at ? bandwidth of the • core was the Pentium II 450 PE. Pentium III- brand refers to Intel’s 32-bit x86 desktop and mobile microprocessors based on the sixth-generation Intel P6 micro architecture • Introduced February 26, 1999 • Improved PII, i. e. P6-based core, now including Streaming SIMD • Extensions (SSE) • Number of transistors 9. 5 million • 512 KB ? bandwidth L2 External cache • 242-pin Slot 1 SECC2 (Single Edge Contact cartridge 2) processor package • System Bus clock rate 100 MHz, 133 MHz (B-models)
Pentium IV- brand refers to Intel’s line of single-core mainstream and high-end desktop and laptop central processing units (CPUs) • Introduced November 20, 2000 • 0. 18 µm process technology (1. 40 and 1. 50 GHz) • Max. CPU clock rate Speed (1. 3 GHz to 3. 8 GHz) • L2 cache was 256 KB Advanced Transfer Cache (Integrated) • System Bus clock rate 400 MHz • Number of Transistors 42 million Pentium Dual Core- a 64-bit Processor designed by Intel • Introduced January 21, 2007 • Desktop CPU (SMP support restricted to 2 CPUs) • Clock Speed (1. 6-2. 93 GHz) • L2 Cache (1-2 MB) • FSB Speed (533-1066 MHz)
Pentium Core 2 Duo- brand refers to Intel’s x86/x86-64 microprocessors (with the eighth-generation micro architecture, named Core architecture) targeted at the consumer and business markets. • Introduced January 21, 2007 • Frequency 1800-3000MHz • L2 Cache 2MB Pentium Quad Core- designed to handle massive compute and visualization workloads enabled by powerful multi-core technology. Providing the bandwidth you need for multi-threaded applications, Intel Core 2 Quad processors are built on 45nm Intel® Core™microarchitecture enabling, faster, cooler, and quieter desktop PC and workstation experiences. Introduced January 21, 2007 • 4-12MB L2 Cache • 1333 MHz FSB • Clock Speed 2. 4-3. 00 GHz Intel Pentium Core I3 • 2 physical cores/4 threads • 64 Kb L1 cache • 512 Kb L2 cache • 4 MB L3 cache • Introduced January, 2010 • Socket 1156 LGA • 2-channels DDR3 • Integrated HD GPU • Variants • 530 – 2. 93 GHz Hyper-Threading • 540 – 3. 06 GHz Hyper-Threading • 550 – 3. 2 GHz Hyper-Threading • 560 – 3. 33 GHz Hyper-Threading Intel Pentium Core I5 • 2 physical cores/4 threads • 64 Kb L1 cache • 512 Kb L2 cache • 4 MB L3 cache • Introduced January, 2010 • 2-channels DDR3 • Integrated HD GPU • AES Support • Variants 650/655K – 3. 2 GHz Hyper-Threading Turbo Boost • 660/661 – 3. 33 GHz Hyper-Threading Turbo Boost • 670 – 3. 46 GHz Hyper-Threading Turbo Boost • 680 – 3. 60 GHz Hyper-Threading Turbo Boost Intel Pentium Core I7 • 6 physical cores • 256 KB L2 cache • 12 MB L3 cache • Front side bus replaced with Quick path up to 6. 4GT/s • Hyper threading is included • Intel Turbo Boost Technology • Socket 1366 LGA • TDP 130W • Introduced 16 March 2010 • Variants • 990X Extreme Edition – 3. 46 GHz/3. 73 GHz Turbo Boost • 980X Extreme Edition – 3. 33 GHz/3. 60 GHz Turbo Boost • 970 – 3. 20 GHz/3. 46 GHz Turbo Boost