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The Federalist Papers Federalist Paper #10: 1) A faction according to the authors of The Federalist Papers is a group of citizens who are united by some common interests that are adverse to the rights and interests of other citizens or the whole community. 2) To cure the “mischiefs” of a faction you must either “remove its causes” and/or “control its effects. ” 3) The most durable source of a faction is the “various & unequal distribution of property” 4) The principal task of legislature is regulation because of the interfering interests of various factions.
A man alone cannot make an unbiased judgment and a group of men can only do so much better. However the group of men and their decisions are usually more enlightened than all of the factions combined. 5) A pure democracy will not cure a faction because one, they are unstable and often result in anarchy if left unchecked, and two, citizens assemble administer the government in person, and the majority will often win over the minority. 6) A republic is better for many reasons. One, representatives are burdened with the decision, not the public.
Two, these delegates will have a better idea of what it is to look out for the good of the public more often than the public itself, there controlling the effects of a faction more easily. Lastly, a republic will be easier to control when a population increases and territory is expanded. 7) The phrase, “Great Interest ??? National; Local Interests ??? State” refers to the common interests that representatives are surrounded with. They must both decide for the whole nation in what is the “Great Interest” and also decide on the interests that affect the area they’re representing, hence, “Local Interests. 8) A large area geographically would cure a faction because the more broad a region is the more different point of views exist; when there are more views the less chance the majority has to diminish the rights of other citizens. Federalist Paper # 51: 1) “Checks and Balances” is the term for the separation of powers, often in democratic governments, so that each branch of government has some form of control or decision over the actions of the other branches. 2) A government reflects human nature because a government is a body controlled by men, each with their own ambition that effects the decisions that are ade. 3) A government needs to control a public that has given up some control for the guaranteed protection of individual rights 4) Federalism promotes a “double security,” by distributing some of the surrendered power & rights of the public to the state governments and the rest to federal governments. Then these same rights are divided into other branches of governments, so no one group has too much power over any other 5) “Creating a will in the community independent of the majority,” means that there should be a minority interest completely separated from that of the majority. ) Justice, the judgment involved in deciding what is right and who deserves what, is the chief end of both civilized society and government. 7) The authors of The Federalist Papers use Rhode Island in a theoretical example to emphasize why a federal government should have the powers they talked about. In their example, Rhode Island decides to secede from the Confederacy (back then it was a very realistic opportunity as Rhode Island was very defiant). In place of government, oppressive factions composed of the majority would reign and oppress.
Then, even the individual members of the oppressive majority will begin to worry about their rights and called on an outside power for help because, “the misrule of the faction had proved the necessity of [a federal government]. Federalist Paper # 78: 1) According to Hamilton, the judiciary branch is the “least dangerous,” because it can never attack the other two branches, it poses a small threat to the liberty of the public, and it is always “in danger of being overpowered or influenced,” by the other two branches. ) Hamilton’s main point about the Constitution is that it is a fundamental law and therefore defines the limits and authority of legislature. 3) Judges should be independent of legislature so they can protect the public against unjust and/or corrupt laws. 4) The courts limit legislature because the courts have the ability to declare a law null if it goes against the greater will of the people or the Constitution. It also interprets and defines the extent of laws. 5) Only a few people possess the “knowledge of skill” because true knowledge of the laws is a long & painstaking study that requires both competence and true integrity