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Most Africanized forms of Christianity Worship vigorous and exuberant Dancing and drumming Symbolic headgear and badges Emphasis on Holy Spirit – Pentecostal (but not western Pentecostal) West Africa called lauder – one who prays Emphasis on physical and spiritual healing ISLAM Entered Africa soon after its inception Owes much to Judaism – ancient Hebrew religion Jesus prophet in line of Moses Mohammed – last and greatest of the prophets 640 AD in Egypt – not missionaries – soldiers and settlers Saviors of oppressive regimes
Tolerant Numbers increased – intermarriage and tax exemption Apostasy – death sentence 5 pillars 1. Confessing belief in one God 2. Daily prayer 3. Giving of alms 4. Pilgrimage to Mecca 5. Fast during the month of Ramadan Teaching of Mohammed to be found in Koran Christian Bible translated.
Discouraged in Islam – necessity to learn Arabic (orthodox synagogue – readings in Hebrew) As religion spread, so did literacy in Arabic Spreading across North Africa AN became deeply Muslim – religion, culture, legal systems and state religion contemporary events) Only remaining Christians: Coops in Egypt Spread across Sahara into West Africa Up the Nile into Sudan (South Sudan Christian) Traders and clerics – remaining somewhat separate from locals Adopted by ruling Down east coast of Africa – seafaring Arabs Urbanize people became Muslims – parallel, not replacement religion (CB.
A Drowning Nicola) Thirds phase: Started mid-18th century Growth of trial – religious orders or brotherhoods Founded by charismatic religious reformers, often ending up as rulers of great states Structure of society became deeply Islamabad – although large number of people not Muslim (CB.
Sudan) Fourth phase: Began with expansion of Western influence – imposition of colonial regimes Migrant worker entering urban society – at times becoming Muslim facilitated adoption Islam did not have Christianity link with the conqueror/oppressor During phase four in competition with Christianity, traditional religion and modern secular society (CB. Somalia) Divisions in Islam Sunnis versus Shih African Muslims overwhelmingly Sunnis Shih’s – Asian immigrants in East Africa where else do these divisions occur? Are there any divisions in Christianity? Christianity and Islam growing and vital religions in Africa Future of traditional religious rituals and traditional culture Co-existence with many aspects of modern industrialized West Have discussed political and sociological reasons for spread of Christianity and Islam What about religious reasons? Religious reasons: Both emphasize power of God.