Words: 1170
This is an infection of the small intestine caused by bacterium brio cholera. Transmission is mostly from the fecal contamination of food and water that is caused by poor sanitation Susceptibility About 1 00 million bacteria must typically be ingested to cause cholera in a normal healthy adult. Children are also more susceptible with 2- rear old having the highest rates of infection Individual susceptibility to cholera is also affected by their blood type with those with the O type blood being the most susceptible.
Persons with lowered immunity such as those with AIDS or hillier who are malnourished are more likely to experience a severe case if they become infected. Transmission People harvest oysters in waters infected with sewage, as brio cholera accumulates in zooplankton and the oysters eat the zooplankton. Cholera has been found in two animal populations: shellfish and plankton Waste from people contaminated with cholera when discharged and allowed to get into waterways, groundwater or drinking water supplies untreated it may cause cholera.
Drinking any water or eating any foods washed in the water as well as shellfish living in the affected waterway can cause a person to contract an infection. Cholera is rarely spread directly from person to person. Signs and symptoms Primary symptoms Profuse diarrhea and vomiting clear fluid. Symptoms usually start suddenly half a day to five days after ingestion of the bacteria. The diarrhea is frequently described as “rice water in nature and may have a fishy odor. An untreated person may produce 10- 20 liters of diarrhea a day. Severe diarrhea kills about half of the affected individuals.
Cholera has been nicknamed the “blue death” because a person’s skin may turn bluish grey from extreme loss of fluids. Fever is rare and should raise suspicion for secondary infection. Patients can be lethargic, might have sunken eyes, dry mouth, cold clammy skin decreased skin tutor or wrinkled hands and feet. Blood pressure drops due to dehydration, peripheral pulse is rapid and thread and urine out and out decreases with time. Muscle cramping and weakness altered consciousness, seizures or even coma due to electrolyte losses and ion shifts are common in children.
Prevention Sterilization This is done through proper disposal and treatment of infected fecal waste water produced by cholera victims and all contaminated victims e. G. Clothing ND bedding. Sanitized using hot water, using chlorine bleach hands that touch cholera patients or their clothing, bedding should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected with chlorinated water. Sewage Antibacterial treatment of general sewage by chlorine, ozone, IV light or other effective treatment before it enters the waterways or underground water supplies helps prevent undiagnosed patients from inadvertently spreading the disease.
Sources Warnings should be posted around contaminated water sources with directions on how to decontaminate the water (boiling. Chlorination). Water purification All waters used for drinking washing or cooking should be sterilized by boiling, chlorination, ozone water treatment, LIVE light sterilization or antimicrobial filtration in any area where cholera may be present. Treatment Use of antibiotics Zinc supplementation reduces the duration and severity of diarrhea in children. Anthrax Anthrax is an acute disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthropomorphism’s Anthrax is spread by endoscopes that remain dormant in hosts.
Such spores spread when ingested, inhaled or come into contact with skin lesion on a host that may be reactivated. Anthrax mainly infects rebellious animals that ingest or inhale the spores when grazing. Carnivores in the same environment become infected by consuming herbivores. Diseased animals spread the anthrax to humans infected (directly) or by consumption of a deceased animal’s flesh. Spores can be transported by clothing or shoes, the body of an animal that has active anthrax at time of death can also be a source of anthrax spores.
Signs and Gastrointestinal infection characterized by serious GIG difficulty, vomiting of blood, severe diarrhea, acute inflammation of the intestinal tract and loss of appetite. Prevention Anthrax vaccines For use in livestock and the humans Human anthrax vaccines were also developed; they include cellular and live spore varieties. Body of an individual who has died from anthrax should not come into contact with the skin of other individuals; it should be put into strict quarantine and then incinerated.
Protective, impermeable and equipment such as rubber, gloves, rubber apron and rubber boots with no perforations should be used. Treatment Effective decontamination of people can be accomplished by a thorough wash- down with anti-microbial soap and water. Waste water should be reared with bleach or other anti- microbial agent. Effectiveness can also be achieved by boiling for 30 minutes or more. Chlorine bleach is ineffective in destroying spores and vegetative cells on the surface, formaldehyde is effective. Antibiotics early can lessen chances Of spore survival. Diarrhea from E. Oil (Silicosis’s) Escherichia coli are commonly found in the lower intestine of warm blooded organisms. Most E. Coli stains are harmless, but some stereotypes can cause serious food poisoning in their hosts are occasionally responsible for products recalls due to food contamination. Diarrhea association with E. Oil can occur in young piglets within a few days of birth through well after weaning. Infection may typically begin three days to four days after exposure to the bacteria through you may become ill as soon as one day after one to more than a week later.
They include Diarrhea which may range from mild and watery to severe and bloody Abdominal cramping, pains or tenderness Nausea and vomiting in some persons. Dams act as immune carriers continuous barrowing, accompanied by poor sanitation and chilling can increase risk. E. Coli organisms contaminate the skin and mammary glands of dams and are ingested by nursing. Many experienced veterinarians believe that silicosis’s is related largely to problems related to housing and management which cause the disease secondarily.
Use of vaccines to enhance immunity as sows by using vaccines made from bacterial pill or toxins or both. During late gestation feeding some barrowing house waste to sows to increase immunity. Flirtatiousness’s occurring mycologists that are produced by Espadrilles flatus and Espadrilles particularities of fungi. When they enter the body they are metabolize by liver to a reactive monoxide intermediate or hydrogenated to become less harmful affiliation MI . MM is a metabolite of affiliation BE in milk of cattle fed on contaminated food. Affiliation Bal is the most toxic.
Produced by Espadrilles flatus and A. Parasitic. A. GIG and A GO are strictly produced by A. Parasitic. Presence of Spiritually in food does not always indicate harmful levels of toxins but does not simply mean that there is a significant risk in consumption. Affiliation producing members of Espadrilles are common and widespread in nature. They can colonize and contaminate grain before harvest or during storage. Susceptible hosts include: maize, sorghum and ground nuts following prolonged exposure to humid environment or damage room stressful conditions such as drought.