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African Americans were not allowed to use public restrooms, schools, nursing homes, water fountains, busses, trains, parks and beaches, movie theaters, concert halls, ND restraints that whites used. Many places would post signs that would say that African Americans were not allowed to come in or use whatever they were trying to use.. Of course, African Americans were so frowned upon by white people that they were called worse names and never referred to “African Americans” instead, “Negroes or Naggers”.
By 1 950, the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, led by Thorough Marshall, decided to battle racial segregation through the courts. The Fund’s efforts led to the landmark 1954 ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. Marshall exclaimed after the decision, “l was so happy was numb. ” The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a case that evolved around a blind African American third grader named, Linda Brown. She had to walk a mile and a half through a railroad switchboard just to get to her elementary when there was a white elementary school seven blocks away.
Land’s dad, Oliver Brown, applied for her to attend the white elementary school Monday, November 4, 2013 AM central standard Time 3 but got rejected. Brown went to McKinley Burnett, the head of Topper’s branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and asked for help. The NAACP was eager to assist the Browns, as it had long wanted to challenge segregation in public schools. The NAACP argued that segregation in school portrayed that African Americans were inferior to whites and unequal.
Although that was true, the Board of Educations defense was that segregation in the schools just prepared the kids for the segregation they will face in adult hood. They came to the conclusion that white schools and African American schools were separate but equal, which enforced the Jim Crow laws. (Cozens, 1998) Jim Crow laws were a set of laws that legalized segregation. The Jim Crow laws were followed from the “black codes” which were laws that initially restricted evil rights and civil right liberties of African Americans.
The Jim Crow laws were overruled by the civil rights act of 1 964. (“Jim crow laws,” 201 3) The Civil Rights Act of 1 964 prohibited discrimination of race, color, sex or religion. The House Judiciary Committee approved the legislation on October 26, 1 963, and formally reported it to the full House on November 20, 1963, just two days before President Monday, November 4, 2013 8:54:59 AM Central Standard Time 4 Kennedy was assassinated. On November 27, 1 963, President Lyndon Johnson asserted his commitment to President Kennedy’s legislative agenda, particularly civil rights legislation.