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A PROJECT WORK ON TRAINING AND DEVOLOPMENT WITH REFERENCE TO “APCPDCL” The thesis report submitted on the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION By HEMALATHA Y Reg. No 110277202005 Department of Business Management ST. THERESA’S COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (Affiliated to Andhra University) ELURU 2010-2012 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Miss. Y. Hemalatha, Student of “Ch. S. D. St. Theresa’s college for women, Eluru” has done the Project work titled TRAINING ; DEVELOPMENT at APCPDCL, under my guidance during the period of 5th May 2011 to 5th July 2011.
She has been sincere, dedicated and her conduct throughout the study during the above period has been excellent. Internal project guide Head of the department Mrs. Renuka Mrs. R. S. Saraswathi. External Examiner Director of PG Courses Dr. Marietta Pudota DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this project report entitled “TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT” a bonafide work done for “APCPDCL” located in Hyderabad submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of “MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION” DATE: PLACE: Hyderabad Y. Hemalatha ACKNOWLEDGEDMENT I behold to express my gratitude to Dr. R. S. Saraswathi, Head of the Department, Dept. of Management. It’s my pleasure and a bound duty to acknowledge with all my humility, my grateful thanks Project guide Dr. Renuka.
I wish to thank and H. R. D Department for providing this opportunity to do my project and for taking special care and interest in my project work in their esteemed organization. I am grateful and thankful to for all the above for their support and kindness they offered during my term of the project. INDEX CHAPTER-I * Importance * Need for the study * Objectives of the study * Sampling and methodology CHAPTER-II * Company profile * Industry Profile
CHAPTER-III * Concept of Training and Development * Areas of Training * Training Methods * Models of Training * Benefits of Training * Concept of Development * Importance of Training and Development CHAPTER-IV * Process of Training and Development followed by APCPDCL * Data interpretation and analysis Training and Development CHAPTER-V * Summary * Findings * Suggestions CHAPTER-V * BIBILIOGRAPHY * QUESTIONNAIRE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT India is a land enriched with an abundant supply of human resource.
One of the major impacts on production is the human sector. It has been recognized as a principle instrument in the fulfillment of the targets of the plan and in the achievement of the economic progress generally. Hence it is more the welfare of the employees and to prevent the main problems. An organization whether small or large, be it a business or an industrial enterprise, needs for its growth, survival and continuance four improvement M’s * MONEY * MATERIAL * MACHINERY and * MEN Primarily, success or failure of an organization mainly depends upon combination of the above four factors.
Of which, I feel, managing men is critical and challenging task because of the dynamic nature of the people. No two persons are similar in their mental abilities, traditions, sentiments and behavior and are subject to many and varied influences, people are responsive, they feel, think and act and therefore they just cannot be operated like a machine or shifted and altered like a template in a room layout. Human beings differ from one another in basic metal abilities, personality, interest, skills, attitudes, aspirations, energy, education, training, experience and behavior.
Because of these varied traits human beings are complex in their behavior and in their psychological make-up and when they interact with one another in a group or an organization, this complexity is multiplied. Because of these diversified factors, human beings have to be handled with great care and art of handling men was traditionally called as “personal management” but it is called as “human relations or human engineering. ” Knowledge of people, their usage’s and behavior is the first step in developing the human relations.
NEED FOR THE STUDY * To gain optimum utilization of human resource by measuring their training and development. * As the ultimate desire of every employee is for their hike (wages and salary). * To know the training and development and wages and salary administration of employees in the APCPDCL. * In human resource management employee is to be treated as an assent of the organization. Along with the training and development of the employee by the organization affects the moral of the employee and productivity of the organization.
In such situation the expectation of the employee, which are described in job Description should not be ignored. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives of the study are: * To study and analysis the philosophy of employee training and development of APCPCL * To study the process of wage and salary administration that was followed by APCPDCL * To understand various strategies APCPDCL with fulfilling with fulfilling the need of Training and development need of the employees. * To compare the standards of APCPDCL with international standards. To study & analysis the philosophy of employee training and development of APCPDCL SAMPLING AND METHODOLOGY: A Survey of 100 respondents out of 514 employees at Corporate Office in produced by APCPDCL. By the way of random method was conducted. Data collection: After identifying the research objectives the next step is to identify the methodology for data collection. Data Sources: For the successful completion of the project, the study is in need for both primary as well as secondary data. Primary Data: Primary data collected through interviewing the employees in APCPDCL.
In that sense 100 respondents through questionnaire. Secondary Data: The process of secondary data is also called desk research, which was collected and stored earlier. Questionnaire Design: To study the view on the “Training and Development” of APCPDCL. Researches used structured undisguised question wise most of the questions were of simple and the respondents are free to express their ideas. LIMITATIONS The study has its own limitations: * It is limited to small sample that is 100 respondents from a large number of populations in company with in a time frame of few days. The duration of project was limited for only two months. * The study is only on academic point of view. * The study is based on primary and secondary data. * Respondents may not be in a position to respondent in favor of the questionnaire. COMPANY PROFILE Central Power Distribution Company of A. P. Limited was formed from the erstwhile Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board (APSEB) which was a power supply company to the other sector Industries, Agriculture and for Home needs. On 01/02/1999, the APSEB has been divided into two wings. They are 1. APGENCO 2. APTRANSCO APGENCO
It is a Subsidiary of APSEB. It generates Power from different sources such as Water, Coal, etc. the generated Power from the APGENCO will be sold to APTRANSCO which is also Subsidiary of APSEB. APTRANSCO It is also a Subsidiary of APSEB. It buys Power from APGENCO and it resells to the Distribution Companies. There are four Distribution Companies under Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board which distributes power for all over Andhra Pradesh. Central power distribution company of Andra Pradesh Limited hyderabad Northern Power Distribution Company of Andhra Pradesh Limited – Warangal.
Southern Power Distribution Company of Andhra Pradesh Limited – Thirupathi. Eastern Power Distribution Company of Andhra Pradesh Limited – Vishakapatnam. These four companies are distributing power to their concerned area for each distribution company there is one Chairman & Managing Director and four or five Directors to control the Operation of Power Distribution Companies. Apart from them a Public Relation Officer and a Company Secretary is also there. APTRANSCO controls all four Distribution Companies to maintain uniformity among the companies. APGENCO is an Independent Organization.
CENTRAL POWER DISTRIBUTION COMPANY OF A. P. LIMITED, HYDERABAD. Vision of APCPDCL To be one of the India’s best Power utilities, satisfying the customer’s needs and powering states growth. Mission of APCPDCL To be a Powerful Distribution Company in the Electricity sector through: – Make available reliable and quality Power – Continuously develop competent and committed human resources to match best Standards. * Adopt State-of art technologies for improved productivity. The core values of the Organization are, * Customer Focus * Organization Pride Mutual Respect and Trust * Initiative and Speed * Total Quality With a vision to fulfill the expectations of the Government, the Central Power Distribution Company of A. P. Limited, Hyderabad which came into being on 1st April 2000 as a sequel to the A. P. Electricity Reforms Act,1998 with an objective of Electricity to the people at an affordable price. With its headquarters at Hyderabad, the APCPDCL encompasses an area of Seven Districts viz. , Anantapur, Kurnool, Mahaboobnagar, Nalgonda, Medak, Ranga Reddy and Hyderabad catering to the power requirements 57. million consumers. APCPDCL has a vast infrastructure facility in its operating area with 972 Nos. 33/11 KV. Sub-stations, 1, 459 Nos. of Power Transformers, 522 Nos. of 33KV Feeders, 3, 676 Nos. of 11KV Feeders and around 1,60,983 Nos. of Distribution Transformers of various capacities. A number of new initiatives for improving the quality supply of Power were introduced by APCPDCL such as * Pass books to individual customers * Electronic spot billing * Voluntary disclosure schemes * Web enable customer service centers * Tie up with e-sevas centers for bill payment Electronic control and complaint center etc. * Tins, Mats, Cap. * Vidyut sadassus, Sub-stations wise making Having electrified 6,489 Villages, 5,600 General hamlets, 2,059 Tribal hamlets, 12,105 Daliwatdas and 5,806 Weaker Sections Colonies, APCPDCL is looking forward to meet many challenges with promised to deliver quality customer services through innovative programs. The philosophy of APCPDCL is to continuously striving to enhance is performance emerged stronger by the day to offer its customers the best and value for money.
The company is managed by a Board of Directors consisting of the following members. * Chairman & Managing Director: Mr. .M. T. Krishna Babu, I. A. S. , * Director (HRD&OPW/GH): Mr. K. Venkatanarayana, B. E. , * Director (P & MM): Mr. KH. Ghulam Ahmed, B. E. , * Director (Commercial): Mr. A. Srinivas Rao, B. E. , * Director (Finance ): Mr. P. Rajagopal Reddy * Director (Operation-Rural): Mr. B. Veera Reddy, B. E. , * Director (Coordination): Mr. B. Ravindra Reddy, B. E. , * Director (Projects & IT): Mr. G. Raghuma Reddy, B. E. , Licensed Area
Covering seven districts in Rayalseema and Telangana areas including twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad i. e. , capital of Andhra Pradesh, Kurnool, Mahaboobanagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Ranga Reddy and Hyderabad totally 86,800 SQ. KM. Customer Services: * Apply for new connection * Apply for transfer of service * Centralized trouble call center * Round the clock service * Spot billing Customer Information: * Electricity tariff * Fuse off call officers * Electricity saving tips * Official mail id * Citizens charter * Electrical safety Online Services: * Know your bill * Online bill enquiry Online bill calculation * Online bill payment Certain provisions in the Electricity Act 2003 such as open access to the transmission and distribution network, recognition of power trading as a distinct activity, the liberal definition of a captive generating plant and provision for supply in rural areas are expected to introduce and encourage competition in the electricity sector. It is expected that all the above measures on the generation, transmission and distribution front would result in formation of a robust electricity grid in the country. TRAINING AND DEVELOPTMENT TRAINING:
Training is concerned with imparting and developing specific skills for a particular purpose. Training encompasses activities ranging from the acquisition of a single motor skill up to the development of a complex technical knowledge inculcation of elaborate administrative skills and the development of favorable attitudes towards the organization. Training is a learning experience in that it seeks relative permanent change in an individual that will improve his ability to perform the job. It involves change of skills, knowledge, attitudes and social behavior. TRAINING DEFINED
It is a learning process that involves the acquisition of knowledge, sharpening of skills, concepts, rules, or changing of attitudes and behaviours to enhance the performance of employees. Training is activity leading to skilled behavior. • It’s not what you want in life, but it’s knowing how to reach it. • It’s not where you want to go, but it’s knowing how to get there. • It’s not how high you want to rise, but it’s knowing how to take off | | • It may not be quite the outcome you were aiming for, but it will be an outcome • It’s not what you dream of doing, but it’s having the knowledge to do it It’s not a set of goals, but it’s more like a vision. • It’s not the goal you set, but it’s what you need to achieve it Training is about knowing where you stand (no matter how good or bad the current situation looks) at present, and where you will be after some point of time. Training is about the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA) through professional development. | FEW DEFINITIONS:- A planned process to modify attitudes, knowledge or skills behavior through learning experiences to achieve effective performance in an activity a range of activities.
Its purpose, in the work situation, is to develop the ability of the individual and to satisfy the current and future needs of the organization. (Man power services commission 1981) The purpose of teaching new employees the basic sills need to perform their jobs. (Gary Dessler 1985) Training consists of planned programmes designed to improve performance at the individual group and/or organizational levels, which in turn gives measurable changes in knowledge, skills, attitudes and/or social behavior. (Wayne Cascio, 1995) Training is an art of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a particular work. Peter F. Drucker) Training is the act of increasing the skills of an employee for doing a particular job. (Flippo) Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a particular job. (Arun Monappa and Saiyadain) PURPOSE OF TRAINING:- In the modern co-operative environment the necessity or training employees may arise for different reasons as follows: a. To enable existing employees and new recruits to under take operations involving new technology. b. To adopt the existing methods and techniques to changing needs. c. To improve the efficiency of work performance by employee. d.
To achieve higher productivity. e. To reduce supervision time, minimize spoilage and wastage of material. f. To develop the potential abilities or work-men etc. , AREAS OF TRAINING:- 1. Training in company policies or procedures:- The objective is to orient new employees with the set of rules Procedures, management, organization structure, environment and products, which the Form has and/ or deals with. Orientation is a continuous process aimed at the adjustment of all employees to new and changing situation.
It aims to impart the facts Of company rules of policy, to create attitudes or confidence in the company, pride in its information about needs or skills, development, quality of production and work organization. 2. Training in particular skills:- Training f employees for particular skills is under taken to enable the employees to be more effective on the job. It is here and now proposition, some what like induction training, which does not have a very significant development a certain contribution to the job, for instance, sales training and machine skills. 3. Training in human relation:-
Training is a broad category embracing many different aspects. Self-learning and inter-personal competence can be included in this category, all concerned with generally the some theme. It stresses a concern for individual relationship for feeling and treating . people as “Human Beings” rather than a machine. Not only in this concern and awareness in one’s attitude and behavior conductive to better work place relation but also to enhance productivity. This category of training is oriented towards the development of the individual and consequently the organization’s efficiency in terms of better team work. 4.
Problem-solving training:- Many companies’ programmes also revolve around organizational units, like divisions or branches, which generally handle a product line. The practice is to call together all managerial, personnel, in a particular division/branch from both the head quarters and the field offices and discuss common problems and solutions across the table This is not only helps to solve problems, but also serve as a from for the change of ideas and information, which could be utilized in other situations. 5. Managerial and supervisory training:- The managerial job combines both techniques and conceptual knowledge.
If it were of a specialist, it would emphasize. Some techniques and knowledge like operations, research, finance, production and personnel management. 6. Apprentice training:- The apprentice act, 1961 was based on the philosophy of providing some technical for unskilled people in order that there employment opportunity is enhanced, or alternatively to help them be self-employed. Industrial organization in specified industries is required to train apprentice in promotion to their work force in designated trades. The duration of training is 1 to 4 years. TRAINING METHODS/TECHNIQUES On the job method
This type of training is also known as job instruction training in the individual is placed on a regular job and taught, the skills necessary to perform that job on the job training has a advantage of giving first hand knowledge and experience under the actual working conditions. (a) Job Rotation:- This type of training involves the movements of the trainee from one job to another. The trainee receives job knowledge and gains experience from his supervisor or Trainer in each of the different job assignments. This method gives an opportunity to the Trainee to understand the problems of employee on other jobs and respect them. b) Coaching:- The trainee is placed under a particular supervisor functions s a coach in training the individual, the supervisor provides feed back to the trainee in his performance and offers him some of the duties and responsibilities of the coach and relieves him of his burden. A limitation of this method of training is that the trainee may not have the freedom or opportunity to express his own ideas. (c) job- instruction:- This method is also known as training through step by step. Under this method, trainee explains the trainees the way of doing the jobs.
Job knowledge, skills and also him to do the trainee, provides feed back information and corrects the trainee. Off the- job method Under this method of training, trainee is separated from the job situation and his attention in focused upon learning the material related to his future job performance. (a) Vestibule training:- In this method, actual work conditions are stimulated in a classroom. Material, Files and equipment those are used in actual job performance are also used in training. This type of training is commonly used for training for clerical and semi-skilled jobs. b) Role- playing:- It is defined as a method of human interaction that involves realistic behavior In imaginary situation. This method of training involves action, doing and practice. The particular play the role of certain characteristics, such as the production manager, mechanical engineer, fore – men and the like. This method is mostly used for developing inter-actions and relations. (c) Lecture method:- This lecture is a traditional and direct method of instructions. The instructor organizes the material and gives it to a group of trainees in the form of a talk to be effective.
The lecture must motivate and create interest among the trainees. An advantage of lecture method in that it is direct and can be used for a large group of trainees. Thus costs and time involved are reduced. (d) Confidence discussions:- It is a method of training the clerical professional and supervisory personnel. This method involves a group of people who possess ideas, examine and share facts, ideas and data. Test assumptions, and draw conclusions, all of which contribute to the improvement of job performance. Discussions has the discussion involves two-way communications and feed back is provided. e) Programmed Instructions:- The subject matter to be learnt is presented in a series of carefully planned sequential units. These, units are arranged from single to more complex levels of instructions. The trainee goes through these units by answering questions or filling in the blanks. This method is expensive and time consuming. MODELS OF TRAINING The system model consists of five phases and should be repeated on a regular basis to make further improvements. The training should achieve the purpose of helping employee to perform their work to required standards.
The steps involved in System Model of training are as follows: 1. Analyze and identify the training needs i. e. to analyze the department, job, employees requirement, who needs training, what do they need to learn, estimating training cost, etc The next step is to develop a performance measure on the basis of which actual performance would be evaluated. 2. Design and provide training to meet identified needs. This step requires developing objectives of training, identifying the learning steps, sequencing and structuring the contents. | | Evaluating 3.
Develop- This phase requires listing the activities in the training program that will assist the participants to learn, selecting delivery method, examining the training material, validating information to be imparted to make sure it accomplishes all the goals ; objectives. 4. Implementing is the hardest part of the system because one wrong step can lead to the failure of whole training program. 5 each phase so as to make sure it has achieved its aim in terms of subsequent work performance. Making necessary amendments to any of the previous stage in order to remedy or improve failure practices. TRANSITIONAL MODEL Transitional model focuses on the organization as a whole. The outer loop describes the vision, mission and values of the organization on the basis of which trainingmodei. e. innerloopisexecuted. Vision – focuses on the milestones that the organization would like to achieve after the defined point of time. A vision statement tells that where the organization sees itself few years down the line. A vision may include setting a role mode, or bringing some internal transformation, or may be promising to meet some other deadlines.
Mission – explain the reason of organizational existence. It identifies the position in the community. The reason of developing a mission statement is to motivate, inspire, and inform | | the employees regarding the organization. The mission statement tells about the identity that how the organization would like to be viewed by the customers, employees, and all other stakeholders. Values – is the translation of vision and mission into communicable ideals. It reflects the deeply held values of the organization and is independent of current industry environment.
For example, values may include social responsibility, excellent customer service, etc. | | | The mission, vision, and values precede the objective in the inner loop. This model considers the organization as a whole. The objective is formulated keeping these three things in mind and then the training model is further implemented. | | INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT MODEL (ISD) MODEL Instructional System Development model was made to answer the training problems. This model is widely used now-a-days in the organization because it is concerned with the training need on the job performance.
Training objectives are defined on the basis of job responsibilities and job description and on the basis of the defined objectives individual progress is measured. This model also helps in determining and developing the favorable strategies, sequencing the content, and delivering media for the types of training objectives to be achieved. The Instructional System Development model comprises of five stages: 1. ANALYSIS – This phase consist of training need assessment, job analysis, and target audience analysis. | | 2.
PLANNING – This phase consist of setting goal of the learning outcome, instructional objectives that measures behavior of a participant after the training, types of training material, media selection, methods of evaluating the trainee, trainer and the training program, strategies to impart knowledge i. e. selection of content, sequencing of content, etc. | | | 3. DEVELOPMENT – This phase translates design decisions into training material. It consists of developing course material for the trainer including handouts, workbooks, visual aids, demonstration props, etc course material for the trainee including handouts summary. . EXECUTION – This phase focuses on logistical arrangements, such as arranging speakers, equipments, benches, podium, food facilities, cooling, lighting, parking, and othertrainingaccessories. 5. EVALUATION – The purpose of this phase is to make sure that the training program has achieved its aim in terms of subsequent work performance. This phase consists of identifying strengths and weaknesses and making necessary amendments to any of the previous stage in order to remedy or improve failure practices. The ISD model is a continuous process that lasts throughout the training program.
It also highlights that feedback is an important phase throughout the entire training program. In this model, the output of one phase is an input to the next phase. | | BENEFITS OF TRAINING:- * It leads to improved profitability and/or more positive attitudes towards profit motivation. * Improves the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization. * Improves the morale of the work force. * Helps in creating a better corporate image. * Faster’s authenticity, openness and trust. * Improve the relationship between bosses and subordinate * Aids in organizational development Learns from trainee * Aids in understanding and carrying out organizational polices * Provides information for future needs in all areas of the organization * Organization gets more effective decision-making and problem solving * Aids in developing leadership sill motivation, loyality, better attitudes, and other aspects that successful workers and managers usually display * Helps keep costs down in many areas, e. g. , production, personnel, and administration etc. , * Develops a sense of responsibility the organization for being competent and knowledgeable. * Improves labour-management relation Reduces outside consulting costs by utilizing competent internal consulting * Stimulates preventive management s opposed to putting out fires eliminates Sub-optimal behavior (such as hiding tools) * Aids in handling conflict, thereby helping to prevent stress and tension. Importance of Training Objectives Training objective is one of the most important parts of training program. While some people think of training objective as a waste of valuable time. The counterargument here is that resources are always limited and the training objectives actually lead the design of training.
It provides the clear guidelines and develops the training program in less time because objectives focus specifically on needs. It helps in adhering to a plan. Training objectives tell the trainee that what is expected out of him at the end of the training program. Training objectives are of great significance from a number of stakeholder perspectives, 1. Trainer 2. Trainee 3. Designer 4. Evaluator | | Trainer – The training objective is also beneficial to trainer because it helps the trainer to measure the progress of trainees and make the required adjustments.
Also, trainer comes in a position to establish a relationship between objectives and particular segments of training. | | | Trainee – The training objective is beneficial to the trainee because it helps in reducing the anxiety of the trainee up to some extent. Not knowing anything or going to a place which is unknown creates anxiety that can negatively affect learning. Therefore, it is important to keep the participants aware of the happenings, rather than keeping it surprise. Secondly, it helps in increase in concentration, which is the crucial factor to make the training successful.
The objectives create an image of the training program in trainee’s mind that actually helps in gaining attention. Thirdly, if the goal is set to be challenging and motivating, then the likelihood of achieving those goals is much higher than the situation in which no goal is set. Therefore, training objectives helps in increasing the probability that the participants will be successful in training. Designer – The training objective is beneficial to the training designer because if the designer is aware what is to be achieved in the end then he’ll buy the training package according to that only.
The training designer would then look for the training methods, training equipments, and training content accordingly to achieve those objectives. Furthermore, planning always helps in dealing effectively in an unexpected situation. Consider an example; the objective of one training program is to deal effectively with customers to increase the sales. Since the objective is known, the designer will design a training program that will include ways to improve the interpersonal skills, such as verbal and non verbal language, dealing in unexpected situation i. e. when there is a defect in a product or when a customer is angry.
Therefore, without any guidance, the training may not be designed appropriately. Evaluator – It becomes easy for the training evaluator to measure the progress of the trainees because the objectives define the expected performance of trainees. Training objective is an important to tool to judge the performance of participants. | | DEVELOPMENT In day’s competitive environment, an organization has to be concerned about the development. Development in the preparation and education of manage to effectively manager their people while at the same time achieving the strategies and goals of their company.
Development in a continuous processes and seeks to being about behavior change in trainee managers by cultivating their mental and inherent qualities. The Major Qualities Of The Development Programme Are: * The continuing improvement and development of present managers * Provisions of an adequate number of well-qualified managers for the future. * Optimum utilization of manpower of the organization * Prevention of managerial obsolesces An effective development programme to achieve to above mentioned objectives should include the following: * A carefully considered plan and organization and for carrying out the programme. A periodic appraisal or evaluation of each manager regarding his performance in the various stages of development under the programme * A continuous application and support from top management A number of management methods are available. Anyone of them can contribute to the objectives of the organization but only if the techniques are prudently selected, diligently and rigorously evaluated. Often techniques are used in the combination in long-term development programme. Some of these techniques are: * Coaching and counseling * Job rotation * Conference / discussion * Programmed and computer aid instruction * Role-playing Team group training Coaching and counseling: This is one of the most popular management development techniques where effective senior manager teach the new managers. The coach superior sets a good example of what a manager does while doing about daily business. The new manager exemplifies the correct behavior attitudes, assigned specific and challenging goals and provides trainees with frequent and immediate feedback concerning their job performance. The coach also delegates enough authority to the trainees to make some decision. This approach not only provides opportunities to learn but also allows a feeling of self-confidence to develop.
Job Rotation:- Management –trainers and educationalist, has often preached ‘move the manager around’ when the manager is moved from one department to another, it gives him from a broad exposure to the strength and weakness of the company and much better understanding then he could otherwise possess. Guided conference / Discussion:- The guided discussions type of conference in an improvement over straight lecturing, the instructor known in advance what information or procedure he wants to bring our, and guides the discussion accordingly. Programme and computer aid instructions:-
Programmed instructions are based on certain behavioral laws that relate to principles of reinforcement. The important feature of programmed instruction is that it Provides immediate feedback on whether the participants answered correctly or not. To facilitates this, the instructors are designed in such a way that all future learning. Programmed instructions can have been developed in computer aided format. In such a format, managers sit at a computer terminal with a monitor. The computer is programmed with the training materials. The potential for computer based training is virtually unlimited.
It is generally agreed that because of such advantage as self-pacing, privacy, immediate feed back convenience and adoptability it will became one of the most popular training and development approaches available. Role-Playing:- In which roles as assigned to trainees to act out as they would do in their real life. It is helpful in training managers to deal with human relation management. Participants learn to appreciate others point of view. They experience a situation emotionally. It makes them more self-conscious and analytical in their behavior. It also permits the participants to show imaginations and care in finalizing solutions.
Team group training:- This technique is also known as sensitivity training, laboratory training and executive action. Team group training is concerned with the real note stimulated problem existing with in the team group itself. It helps participants to learn about themselves their weaknesses and emotions to develop insights in to how they react to other and also how others react to them, to find out how to behave more effectively in inter personal relations to develop more open, authentic relations among people. T-group are really small discussion groups with no set leader, they have no fixed and mutual impact of the participants.
But T-group training involves creation of stress situation, which go out of control. Importance of Training and Development • Optimum Utilization of Human Resources – Training and Development helps in optimizing the utilization of human resource that further helps the employee to achieve the organizational goals as well as their individual goals. • Development of Human Resources – Training and Development helps to provide an opportunity and broad structure for the development of human resources’ technical and behavioral skills in an organization. It also helps the employees in attaining personal growth. Development of skills of employees – Training and Development helps in increasing the job knowledge and skills of employees at each level. It helps to expand the horizons of Human intellect and an overall personality of the employees. | | • Productivity – Training and Development helps in increasing the productivity of the employees that helps the organization further to achieve its long-term goal. • Team spirit – Training and Development helps in inculcating the sense of team work, team spirit, and inter-team collaborations. It helps in inculcating the zeal to learn within the employees. Organization Culture – Training and Development helps to develop and improve the organizational health culture and effectiveness. It helps in creating the learning culture within the organization. • Organization Climate – Training and Development helps building the positive perception and feeling about the organization. The employees get these feelings from leaders, subordinates, and peers. • Quality – Training and Development helps in improving upon the quality of work and work-life. • Healthy work-environment – Training and Development helps in creating the healthy working environment.
It helps to build good employee, relationship so that individual goals aligns with organizational goal. • Health and Safety – Training and Development helps in improving the health and safety of the organization thus preventing obsolescence. • Morale – Training and Development helps in improving the morale of the work force. • Image – Training and Development helps in creating a better corporate image. • Profitability – Training and Development leads to improved profitability and more positive attitudes towards profit orientation. • Training and Development aids in organizational development i. . Organization gets more effective decision making and problem solving. It helps in understanding and carrying out organizational policies • Training and Development helps in developing leadership skills, motivation, loyalty, better attitudes, and other aspects that successful workers and managers usually display. | Human Resource Development Boundary: From the determination of training of needs to providing the training through to the assessment of the effectiveness of the training imported. PROCESS OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT THAT IS FOLLOWED BY APCPDCL.
The Chief General Manager (HR & IR), the General Manager (IR & Legal), the DE/CPTI and other officers are taking care of the resources to train, qualify, and develop the employees in APCPDCL. The annual budget on training sector of CPDCL is increased for this year(2011) is 2. 61 crores from 62. 5 lakes of previous annual budget of training sector. The company has following two types of training. They are: 1) In-House Trainings, and 2) External Trainings In-House Trainings: The company has its own training centre that is CPTI,it was located at GTS colony in Hyderabad.
It is one of its kind and is fully equipped with following are 1 Mess (full fledged) 7 Lecture houses with a capcity of 360 parx 69 Individual hostel rooms 3 Suite rooms for guests The company has spent approximately 7 crores for the development of infrastructure at CPTI. CPTI DE(CPTI) AE(Tech) AS(CPTI)P&G| Sub-Division IAE I| Sub-Division IIAE II| AO(CPTI)Accounts| | Maintaince staff| Maintaince staff| | SUB-DIVISION I :- Under this, ADE and AE organize the following programs for the employees of APCPDCL likeINDUCTION Programmes REFRESHER Programmes MONTHLY Programmes
UN PLANNED or TAILORE MADE Programmes I. INDUCTION TRAINING:- The newly recruited employees under direct recruitment, compassionate appointment and medical invalidation are given Induction training. The period of this training is generally 1 month or 25 working days. The roles and responsibilities of the recruitees are discussed along with the eagle-eye description of the works to be carried-out by them in APCPDCL.. In this programme,the trainees will be given the four types of Training. They are….. * Room training * Live demos of various technical items in the lab at CPTI. Field visits to EROs, Section offices, etc. * On shore training: Interaction with the personnel working in the fields. These are giving to the employees to get the awareness for how to check with practical knowledge. II. MONTHELY or REGULAR PROGRAMMES :- The regular programmes will be conducted for the employees to gain the indepth knowledge and practical knowledge on work job. usually this programmes conducted about 3 to 5 days. III . REFRESHER TRAINING :- This type of training will be given to the employees for indepth study but less in number with comparison to regular programmes.
The maximum number of days is 7 to 15 days on depending upon the number of participants and cader of the departments also considered. IV. UN PLANNED or TAILOR MADE PROGRAMMES :- Whenever there is a need of training on some special programs to get the awareness to the employees CPDCL will organize the un planned or tailor made programmes like Rajiv Gandhi Graama Vidyuth Yojana and M O U side programmes SUB-DIVISION IIAt this division the company organizes the MOU with side programmes. The main two programmes are……. 1) The National franchiese programmes ) The National training programme for C&D employeesIn this division the ADE/AE will plans to get the funds to the company through marketing of lecture halls means giving the lecture halls to other organizations on rent basis. The sub-division caders has to create the tailor made programmes for outside organizations based on their requirement. The also comes under Sub-division II i. e Indoor and Out door labs for technicality purpose. EXTERNAL TRAINING The outside training shoulb be approved by the CMD&BOD.
Whenever there is a suitable programme for the employee of CPDCL the management favours in takes the decision favoure to the programme. Generally CPDCL has been deputed personnel for the programmes organized by organizations like ESCI (engineering staff college of instistute) ASCI (administrative staff college of institute) CIRE (central institute for rural electrification) etc are at Hyderabad. BESCOM CPRI NTPC(national thermal power corporation) TETRA TECH MYS YADE INSTRUMENTS JAIPOR PRODUCTIVITY COUNCILL etc are outside of the Hyderabad. DATA INTERPRETATION OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
TABLE 5. 1 Respondent’s opinion on training facilities available in organization. S. NO. | OPTIONS| RESPONDENTS| | 1| Excellent| 25| | 2| Good| 75| | 3| Poor| 0| | | | | | Interpretation: The question was asked regarding their feeling about their training facilities at their Organization. 25% expressed that they are proud to work there, and 75% expressed happy. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . TABLE 5. 2 Respondent’s opinion on training programme useful for day-to-day activities. S. NO. | OPITIONS| RESPONDENTS| | | Highly Satisfied| 26%| | 2| Satisfied| 60%| | 3| Not Satisfied| 14%| | Interpretation: In the above table there is an indication of percentage about the answers obtained from the employees about the training programmes conducted in the company and it is found that 86% of the people are happy with the training and those who are not satisfied with training programs are14%. TABLE 5. 3 Respondent’s opinion about training helps in personal development. S. NO. | OPTIONS| RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| To Large Extent| 60| 60%| 2| To Some Extent| 10| 10%| | Very Little Extent| 30| 30%| Interpretation: 60% of the employees opinioned that training helps in personal development, 10% of the employees opinioned that training may or may not help in personal development. And 30% of the employees do not feel that training help in personal development. From this we can identify that maximum number of the employee vote for training helps in personal development. TABLE 5. 4 Respondent’s opinion on improvement in their performance after attaining training programme. S. NO. | OPTIONS| RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Excellent| 70| 10%| | Good| 10| 70%| 3| Satisfactory| 20| 20%| Interpretation: The above question is about the improvement in performance after training program. Because it is very important for the smooth flow of work to ultimate result 70% of the employee opinioned that performance after attaining the trainer is good. 10% of the employee said that there will not be any difference in the performance after or before. 20% of the employee said that performance is better before attaining training. TABLE 5. 5Respondent’s opinion to what extent the training programme helped in your job. S. NO. OPTIONS| RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| To Large Extent| 65| 65%| 2| To Some Extent| 35| 35%| 3| Very Little Extent| 5| 5%| Interpretation: The above question is to know about the helpfulness of training requirement for the employees in the FFF organization. 65% of the employee opined that training helps in their job and 35% of the employee viewed that it may or may not help, and 5% of the employees opined that training does not help in their job. TABLE 5. 6 Respondent’s opinion on faculty available for training from inside the organization or from outside the organization?
S. NO. | OPTIONS| RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| Excellent| 35| 35%| 2| Good| 15| 15%| 3| Satisfactory| 50| 50%| Interpretation: Faculty affects the productivity of an employee, so that he can put his better effort than previous, it improves moral of an employee. There the table indicates 35% of the employee feel that trainer should be from out side the organization 15% of the employee feel that trainers should be from inside the organization. 50% of the employees should be from both, out side and from inside the organization. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TABLE 5. Respondent’s opinion to what extent the equipment, company adopts new technology? S. NO. | OPTIONS| RESPONDENTS| PERCENTAGE| 1| To Large Extent| 60| 60%| 2| To Some Extent| 35| 35%| 3| Very Little Extent| 5| 5%| Interpretation: When a person may have skill to be utilized then there should be required equipment, but it might not be recognized by an organization unless utilized skill leads to loss to both the organizations and individuals, intention behind asking this question is to advice the organization to try to recognize the needs of 60% of people which are to be utilized for your organization.
TABLE 5. 8 Respondent’s opinion on criterion for giving training? S. NO| OPTIONS| Respondents| Percentage| 1| Company overall development| 10| 10%| 2| Company improvement| 60| 60%| 3| Future career growth| 30| 30%| Interpretation: The work load should not be over loaded and under loaded; work should be assigned to a worker taking in to consideration of job description, which is concerned on training criteria. 10%, 60%, 30% of people have expressed their high satisfaction, satisfaction and dissatisfaction respectively. TABLE 5. Respondent’s opinion about on the job training or off the job training? S. NO. | OPTIONS| Respondent’s| Percentage| 1| On the job training| 15| 15%| 2| Off the job training| 50| 50%| 3| Both a & b| 35| 35%| Interpretation: Quality of job training has nearest relationship with the on the job training and off the job training which leads to high training, the above tables show the highly satisfied employees are 15%, satisfied employees are 50% are 35% number of employees is not satisfied regarding their quality of training. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TABLE 5. 10 Respondent’s opinion on training, which is provided by FFF on the safety programmes are very much helpful for your personal life or at the work place? S. NO. | OPTIONS| Respondents| Percentage| 1| Only for personal life| 5| 5%| 2| only for work place| 40| 40%| 3| Both a ; b| 55| 55%| Interpretation: Training should be very effective in any organization, which leads to discipline in organization, so that training facilities affect the productivity of individual employee’s personal life.
In FOODS, FATS & FERTILIZERS there is a lot of dissatisfaction regarding safety programmes. It is need to be improved. CHAPTER-4 SUMMARY SUMMARY I have done a study on “TRAINING” and “DEVELOPMENT” a concept of human resource management In “APCPDCL”, which is located at Hyderabad. The importance of the study of the” Training and development is the emergence of new climate in the economic environment. In this study the concept of training and development was used as an umbrella for describing various personal policies and practices. The major source of data for the training and development in APCPDCL is questionnaire.
The data was given by the employee is based upon their perception on the different items in the questionnaires. The questions were asked about their training levels of employees regarding the factors, which affect the training and on their development of the employee’s work life. From the above analysis it is clear that the performance of the company is quite good in all sectors. The training for all the departments like technical awareness and behavioural finally shows a change in the work of all the employees. This training is planed in such a way that all the employee’s show interest in learning new things.
The training helps employees in learning new things. Moreover the company is also supporting the employees in their industrial visits too, where the family members of the employees are also allowed. Keeping view of the company’s awareness, it has geared itself for a multifaceted growth achieving productivity of human resource. FINDINGS * It is observed that most of the employees are satisfied with the training practices of the organization. * It is observed that most of the respondents who are satisfied with the TRAINING facilities in the organization. It is observed that most of the employees are satisfied with the working conditions in the organization. * It is observed that more than half of the employees are satisfied with the salaries and other benefits provided by the company. * Expected return on the training progrmmes is being achieved. * The Company’s training institute, CPTI is one of its kind and is fully equipped with audio-video enhancements in the Lecture halls, hygienic hostel rooms and best quality food, good refreshments and cooperative staff. * The Company has a training policy of 3 to 5 mandays of training for each and every employee. The Company is organizing TAILOR-MADE programmes whenever necessary to its employees to strengthen, update and refresh their knowledge. * The personnel are deputed for External trainings by the management when suitable programmes are being organized by various organizations irrespective of their location i. e. , either at Company’s headquarters (Hyderabad) or outside like Delhi, Jaipur, etc. * the company is currently upgrading itself from SAP 4. 7 to SAP 6. 0 Version which includes HCM, Trainings etc. * The model followed in CPDCL is SYSTEM Model. SUGGESTIONS The employment of retired employees should be in limit because they do not have more responsibilities when compared to the regular employees, thus we can reduce the average age of the employee. It helps in increasing the skill of the employee. * While recruiting the employees, preference should be given to both the qualifications and experience of the prospective employee. * Motivational camps should be done for the employees for reducing absenteeism. * Separate training for semi-skilled, UN skilled then they have some talent in a particular field. ANNEXURE Bibliography Questioner
BIBLIOGRAPHY IJTD MAGAZINE- Indian Journal of Training and Development P. Subbarao – Essentials of Human Resource Management And Industrial Relations V. S. P. Rao – Human Resource Management, text ; cases Mizra S Saiyandain – Human Resource Management Keith Devis – Behaviour of Men at Work QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Name :
Age : Qualifications : Designation : Period of Training (in days) : Service in FFF (in years) : 1) What is your opinion on training facilities available in your organization? a) Excellent b) Good c) Poor 2) What is your opinion about your working conditions or environment? a) Highly satisfied b) satisfactory c) Not Satisfactory 3) To what extent you found the training program useful for day-to-day activities? ) Highly Satisfied b) Satisfied c) Not Satisfactory 4) Do you feel training department provides a congenial for learning? a) To Large Extent b) To Some Extent c) Very Little Extent 5) Do you feel that training helps in personal development? a) To Large Extent b) To Some Extent c) Very Little Extent 6) How do you find the change or improvement in your performance after attaining training program? a) Excellent b) Good c) Satisfactory 7) How do you find training program helped content designed? a) Excellent b) Good c) Satisfactory 8) To what extent the training program helped in your job? ) To Large Extent b) To Some Extent c) Very Little Extent 9) What is your opinion on faculty available for training program? a) Excellent b) Good c) Satisfactory 10) What is your opinion on infrastructure available in FOODS, FATS ; FERTILISERS organization for the training program? a) Excellent b) Good c) Satisfactory 11) To what extent the equipment, company adopts new technology? a) To Large Extent b) To Some Extent c) Very Little Extent 12) What were the criteria for giving training? a) Company overall development b) Company improvement c) Future career growth 3) You requires on the job training or off the job training? a) On the job training b) Off the job training c) Both a ; b 14) Training requires only new employees or existing employees? a) New Employees b) Existing Employees c) Both a ; b 15) The training, which is provided by FFF on the safety programmed, are very much helpful for your personal life or at the work place? a) Only for personal life b) Only for work place c) Both a ; b 16) Is management staff participated with you in training programme? a) Yes b) No c) Comment 7) Are you feel it necessary to participate management with you in training programme? a) Yes b)No c) No comment 18) Trainers come from outside or your employers only? a) Our employers b) Outsiders c) Both a ; b 19) How could that the atmosphere also plays a vital role in training programme? a) Yes b) No c) No comment 20) After training the management will motivate or leave you? a) Motivates us b) Leaves us c) No comment 21) Are you requiring only safety measures training or technical training? a) Safety training b) technical training c) a ; b