Words: 511
Governments set and apply rules to maintain the institutions which will directly influence a market economy. Property rights(Principles of Economics 6th Edition page 1 1) are so vital that without the rights, individuals, shoulder and firms could not be running, controlling and operating the scarce resources nicely. It’s a way how the invisible hand works too for people to run their economical activities under governments’ given protection. It’s also about how the efficiency and equality being dominated.
A market failure(Principles of Economics 6th Edition page 1 2) then is a situation in which a market does not regularly organize production or appropriate goods and services to consumers. Externalities, which is the impacts of one person’s actions on the well- Ewing of a bystander (Principles of Economics 6th Edition page 12). There are positive externalities and negative externalities (www. Objectifications. Com). Positive externalities are like when a television program on healthy food improves the publics health indirectly.
Negative externalities are cases such as when companies and industries pollute air or waterways during their processes. Pollution, the classic example of a negative externalities of market failure’s cause, is the main point upon the article that I’ve found for this assignment. According to the article news on 25th July 2013, China’s overspent decided to spend billions over five years to tackle the air pollution which is caused by Bunion’s rapid industrialization. The pollution which affects several countries seriously alters the environment and also people’s health level.
This is exactly a good example to show how pollution turns to be a typical cause of externalities on market failure. Which is, the government is unveiling a 290-billion anti-pollution package to fight the toxic smog caused by reliance on coal, explosive growth in car ownership, a disregard for environmental laws and indeed the steel and cement industries n China. And, the causes of the pollution do not need to be responsible for anything when they are creating the negative externalities of government and also people who got influenced by the pollution.
For a clearer example, a steel producing firer of China might cause pollutants into the air. While the firm has to pay for materials, electricity, and all other inputs, the individuals and industries around the factory will bear the pollution since it causes them to have lover quality of environment around, higher medical expenses, diminished appearance of fresh air, etc. Thus the production of steel by the firm has got a negative cost to the people surrounding the factory which is a cost that the firm does not need to be responsible with.
To avoid worsening the pollution, sectors that carry out most waste and pollution will be strictly controlled and the air pollution plan will also seek ways to reduce emissions. When negative externalities exist, they can be reduced by using government rule and regulations, taxes, or subsidies, or by using property rights to force companies and individuals to take their responsibilities on heir economic activities to maintain a market’s performance.