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It is also defined as an organized group that tries to influence the government decisions without putting their members in governmental position. While pressure group is an interest group that exercises pressure on the government to obtain laws, policies & decisions compatible with their special interests. Basically pressure group is an interest group with higher degree of involvement in politics. In Malaysia, there are various types of interest groups in order to obtain the rights for what they represent.
Interest groups in Malaysia such National Union for Teaching Profession (NUTS), The Congress of Unions of Employees n the public and Civil Services (CUE APACE), Federation of Malaysian Consumers Associations (FOMCL) aggregates and articulate information regarding to their respective interest in order to influence the government decision based on their interests. However, there are disadvantages for the existence of interest groups. This will be the main idea of this assignment. Simplified Characteristics of Interest Groups Simplified Functions of Interests Groups 1.
Mechanism for Political Representation- The interests of the people are represented in an organized way. It means that the people doesn’t have to erectly go to the government but instead have interest groups to represent for them as the groups are established. It allows people to be involved in political process without being in a political party for examples the NUTS, FOMCL and ACCEPTS 2. Mediator between the Public and the Government- This is a linkage function between the people and the government. The interest groups provide necessary information needed by both the people and the government 3.
Interest Articulation (voice out the interests)- They voice out interests based on their interest groups and also voice out any interest of the public that is related to their interests 4. Influence the Government- This is the main function of the interest group. They influence the decisions but have no intention to take over the government and makes sure that the government focuses on their interests. 5. Supplement Government Conduct surveys and research to provide information to the government which the results will help government to adopt better public policies.
Types of Interest Groups 1 . Anomic Group- separates from social norms, Spontaneous (informal), often involves violence 2. Associational Group- formal, distinct and established, effective procedures, active participants in political process. 3. Non- Associational Group- not formal, has similar characteristics ; interests, reflect social/ethnic/cultural/religious interests 4. Institutional Group- exists within the government, highly involved in political ; social activities, lobby from within the government.
Simplified Methods of Gaining Influence The Demerits or The Disadvantages of Interest Groups * There are various demerits of interests group if it is not well managed and observed. 1. Some of the methods used to gain influence can lead to active effects ;Methods like Bargaining can lead to bad effects because it is similar to lobbying whereby the public policy is influenced directly. It also involves secret negotiations which is usually related to the national budget. When this happens and if not observed carefully, the allocation of the money can be wrongfully distributed.
If it happens, the interest groups may misuse the allocation given and the people they represented MAY NOT be included or the money won’t be used for the better of the people they represent. – Another risky method is the method Propaganda. In propaganda the usage of ass media and other methods to spread information to the public is on a massive scale. If the information or awareness spread by the interest group is false or with hidden agenda, it may cause the people to be wrongly influenced or misunderstanding of the government policy.
The people may retaliate for no legitimate reason which may cause damage to a peaceful nation. -Other than that, other methods like direct method like boycotts, demonstrations and strikes may cause commotion. This types of influencing methods are prone to be violent regardless of which party initiate violence first. Indirect methods like being a member of parliament which is also a member of interest group may misuse his/her power in order to influence the government decision. The member of interest group is a spouse to a bureaucrat may also lead to the misuse of power in order to influence the government decision.
For example if a bureaucrat has a wife who is in an interest group, the potential of the husband to listen to every request to his wife relating to her interest group is very high. Not only that, it can be a bad thing too if a retired bureaucrats who join MONGO or other groups that have injection with junior bureaucrats whereby the juniors may listen to every request of their seniors. The juniors may provide confidential information of government policies to the retired bureaucrats. -Methods like illegalities may also be used especially in desperate times.
Illegalities ranges from extortion’s, bribery, arson, blackmail and many more. 2. The existence Of certain types of interest groups can produce adverse effects. -The existence of an interest groups like Anomic Groups which derived from the word Anomie meaning separation from social norms. This roof is not a formal group. Usually it comes from dissatisfaction of the people. When this happens, it usually involves violence. This type of group may produce protests, racial riots and so on in order for their interest to be prioritize. . Biased -Interest groups can be considered biased because they are only proportioning their interest or interests related to them. They do not really care about other interest of the people as a whole and care about better policy for the people generally. They just prioritize their interests. Information provided is one- sided. 4. One Track-Mind (Runs Undemocratically) -The interests groups usually do not care about others interest and opinions. They also refuse to listen or to take care of other interest.
They consider other interests or opinions are wrong. They do not let what others have to say or wants if it is contradict to their core interests. 5. Pluralism (as in United States) -Critics of pluralism contend that there is no such thing as the common good because there are so many conflicting interests in society: What is good for one person is often bad for others. They argue that the interest groups interfere with democracy because they seek benefits for a minority of people rather than the greater good of the majority.
The National Rifle Association, for example, has repeatedly blocked new gun control legislation despite the fact that a majority of Americans actually want stricter gun laws. Other critics argue that the interest group system is really effective only to economic interest groups, which have greater financial resources at their disposal. Nearly two-thirds of lobbyists in Washington represent economic groups. Critics also argue that interest groups tend to ignore the interests of the poor n favor of middle- and upper-class Americans, who have more time and money to contribute 6.
Corruption -Corruption takes place in the interest groups whereby the bribery is done between the interest groups and the interest provider (policy makers/ government). In corruption, the bribery can be in many forms such as gifts and money. The bribery is performed in order for their interests being implemented. The irresponsible authority personnel will accept the bribery and in return the interest of the interests groups will be prioritize. 7. Influenced by wealth This can be explained by the more money or fund the interest groups has, the more tendency of their interests being prioritize is higher.
Conclusion Interest group is basically an organized group of people that tries to influence the government without being in the governmental positions. Various methods can be or are being used in order for their main objective which is to influence the government in order to get their interests prioritize. But, there are negative side which is the demerits to the interests groups. Bottoming is, interest groups has it own merits and demerits in order for it to function as n interest group. The demerits can be abolished with proper procedures and proper preventive measures.