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Why Do Atoms React? Google Search 1. What is an atom? An atom is the basic unit of a chemical element. 2. What is an element? An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom. 3. What makes an atom unstable (reactive)? The binding energy not being strong enough makes an atom unstable (reactive). 4. Why do atoms react with other atoms? Atoms react with other atoms to gain or lose electrons to fill their outer shell. Part 2: Chemical Bonds Go to http://www. Ml. Dude/Est./bond. Tm 1. What is an ion? An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons. 2.
What type of bonds do oppositely charged ions form? Oppositely charged ions form ionic bonds. 3. A sodium ion is different than a sodium atom. It has a positive charge. How many protons and electrons does a sodium atom have? Number of protons 1 1; Number of electrons 18 How about a chlorine ion? Number of protons 17; Number of electrons 18 4. What type of bond form when elements share electrons? Covalent bonds form when elements share electrons. 5. Name a much weaker by important bond in living things. A much weaker but important bond in living things is called a hydrogen bond. Ionic Bonds – Read the text and view the animation. Summarize what happens Ionic bonds- read the text and view the animation 5. Summarize what happens to form ions and what attracts the ions to form an ionic bond. Covalent bonds – read the text and view the animation. 6. Summarize what happens to form a covalent bond 7. Covalent bonds can be polar or non-polar. Click on the links and see if you can describe the difference between a non-polar and polar covalent bond. Hydrogen bonds 8. Summarize, as best you can, what a hydrogen bond involves. 9. Name one type of molecule that forms hydrogen bonds with each other? Part 3: Hydrogen Bonding Animation Go to http://www. Stools. U/people/gaining/flashing/water/water. SF Step through the animation. 1 . Rewrite your summary of hydrogen bonding from above with something new you learned from the animation. Part 4: The Chemistry of Life Go to http://www. Boca. Org/Biology. HTML#anchor_26 Read the chemistry of life section. You may have to scroll up or down a bit to reach it! 1 . How many naturally occurring elements are there? These elements are found in living matter? Present in 97% of the molecules of living matter? 1) 4. What are the main elements in the remaining 3%? Molecule. Molecules? 2. About how many of 3. Which 4 are 2) 3) 4) 5. Define an organic .
Name the 4 main organic BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY Link: http://faculty. Clinton. SUNY. Dude/faculty/Michael. Gregory/files/Bio 101 ‘Bio 101 Lectlecturesemistry/biochebiochemist1 Tmraw 2 separate carbon molecules both with four single bonds connected to hydrogen molecules. Next take away two hydroghydrogen’seach and connect the carbons together with a double bond 2. 3. What is a functional group? What is an isomer? ydrolyHydrolysisondensation? 4. Compare macromolecules to Monomers; complete the chart below: 5. Example of a Macromolecule Corresponding Monomer polysaccharide glycerol, fatty acid protein nucleic acid CARBOHYDRATES ttp://http2. wwwduLJsDudecEst.hcarbonyldeTmration synthesynthesist the three main groups of carbohydrates. 2. Play the animation of dehydration synthesis. What two monosaccinconsiderate start with? What disaccharide was produced? What molecule was synthesized as a bi-product? 3. Four types of polysaccpolysaccharidestioned on this page, name them. Which are found in animals? LIPIDS http://www2. nlwwwu/MlteDudepEst. htm NeutTm Fats: 1 . What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid? 2. What is a phospholphosphoricolPhosphoric Cell Membrane: http://telstar.tallestmuToteduUCMolDude/MembraneMembranes index NMle the four parts to a phospholphosphorice Play the animation ot phosptolphosphoricmmersed in water. Why do the ta floatTAn the water pointing up? What happens when a second layer of phospholphosphoriced? 3. Which of the following are also found in the cell membrane: lipids, proteins, or carbohydrates? What is the role of steroids in a cell membrane? Steroids: http://www. wiley. cWileygaComcollege/boyer/04borer790/animations/cholesterol/ cholesterol. htm 1 . Tmw the “overview’ button on this link. Besides its role in the cause of heart disease, name four useful functions of cholesterol in the body. 2.
View the “Heart Disease” button on this link. List two reasons why bad cholesterol can elevate in a person. Why can’t a person remove LDL fromOLDe blood when they are genetically predisposed? How does exercise help? Saturated and unsaturated fats http://biology. clc. uc.CLCu/UsurDude/biol 04/billds. pipitsndTme paragraph on saturated and unsaturated fats and explain why unsaturated fats are forced to take on a liquid form. 2. Read further and explain what a trans-fatty acid is and why they are a concern to your health. PROTEINS Search on google fGoogle answers below: Scroll down to proteins. List the six functions of proteins listed.
What are the units of a protein and how are they connected? 2. Proteins can be small or large. The larger they get causes them to fold. List the four types of structures in which they can fold. Since they are held in this folded place by hydrogen bonds, what is it called when you heat a protein and ruin its structure? 1 . What does it say determines the final shape of a protein? NUCLEIC ACIDS Take the DNA tour at http://gslc. gegal.csGeneticsedUtahitDudeasics/tour/ 1 . What does DNA look like? d. WhereDis DNA coils into X shapes called what? The DNA molecule has three main parts – list them. How are bases in the double helix connected?