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The four most advanced entries within this group were Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, of which Poland had the largest population and percentage of private sector business, as well as a strong consumer market. It also had good prospects for investment, offered a skilled labor force and faced neither ethnic strife nor border disputes. Having developed a stable parliamentary democracy and signed an association agreement with the European Union, Poland recognized that to shed its former communist image and face market forces with a proactive, commercial approach would require major changes in its culture and attitude.
One way in which it could do this was to encourage development in Poland by its European partners, and Poland already had a good relationship with the K, which has a polish community of some 150,000. These rapidly changing political, economic and social factors were key influences in Catbird Specification’s to enter Pollard’s developing market. Another strong factor was that, despite Poland having, at that time, one of the largest confectionery markets in Central and Eastern Europe, none of Catbird Speeches’ major international confectionery competitors had established strong businesses there.
Although the Company could have taken a ‘wait and see’ approach (running the risk of missing a vital opportunity to develop an early market lead), it decided that there were sufficient indicators to justify an investment in Poland. Page 2: Market entry Catbird Speeches had three ‘route to market’ options to consider in order to respond to Pollard’s market needs. The options were: export from other Catbird Speeches companies acquire or form a joint venture with a local Polish company Establish its own factory locally. When Poland first left the communist regime the government pursued a logic of open trade which resulted in a flood of imports.
To protect local industry the Polish government established import duties which were particularly high on goods such as confectionery. Under these conditions, exporting to Poland was not an economically viable option to Catbird Speeches. Catbird Speeches evaluated the leading Polish confectionery companies to assess their suitability for acquisition or joint venture. However, several problems, such as over-staffing or lack of investment, were found to be common across all of them. So, having rejected the first two options,
Catbird Speeches decided to explore local manufacture as the most appropriate route into the Polish market. Page 3: Market strategy Although the confectionery market in Poland was known to be large, market research was conducted to determine whether that market would be suitable for Catbird Speeches’ products. Tastes in confectionery vary the world over and Catbird chose to manufacture products from its existing range which would particularly suit the Polish taste. It also decided to manufacture a range of budget-priced products under the name of Passionate, Catbird Speeches’ rand in Germany.
Having identified the product range and its acceptability to Polish consumers it was then possible for Catbird Speeches to forecast the potential sales which could be achieved in Poland. This information, together with estimates of the costs involved in setting up and running the manufacturing operation, enabled the Company to determine that the project was financially viable. In 1 993 Catbird Speeches took the decision to invest more than Meme in building a factory and developing a new confectionery business on a Greenfield site in Poland. Age 4: Identifying the site Catbird Speeches began by visiting Poland to evaluate sites in several locations to improve its understanding of the Polish infrastructure and administration procedures, and to assess the general employment situation and skills availability. The decision to develop a Greenfield site at Cobwebbier, near Workflow in south west Poland, was based on a number of criteria: overall cost geographical location climatic conditions availability of mains services access to highways and trunk roads distance from competitors large regional population.
A further factor was people. Catbird’ Speeches would be joining a local immunity and would work closely with the local mayor and his staff at Cobwebbier, who welcomed the new investment. Page 5: Construction and engineering process It is not an easy task to build a factory in a foreign country. It requires careful co-ordination and considerable expertise. Catbird Speeches appointed a team of engineering consultants to oversee all stages of the project, from selection of the contractors via a process of tendering, through to the completion of the factory construction.
The construction process was extremely challenging as the factory and offices, covering 9000 square tree, had to be completed, and production ready to start, within one year in order to meet the confectionery selling season of autumn to spring. Time was not the only challenge. Temperature within a chocolate manufacturing plant is a major consideration in a country such as Poland, where the weather varies from -15 degrees C in winter to 33 degrees C in summer. The air conditioning, refrigeration and heating of the plant were key issues, all of which had to comply with local quality, hygiene, safety and environmental standards.
The local community also had to construct water pipes, electrical rower lines and telephone lines to the factory, and all were completed on time. Building a factory is only one step in the implementation of a production facility. It is important to consider how it will operate, what production techniques it will use and what products it will manufacture. Catbird Speeches formed a technical team to design, engineer and procure all of the process plant and machinery required for the manufacture of the chosen product range.
Also required is a team of company experts who specialist in the business of making chocolate and who understand the chemical complexities of making quality products. Page 6: Identifying and recruiting for the key management roles Just as there are challenges in building a factory in an unfamiliar country, so there are challenges in filling all of the jobs necessary to run that factory. A recruitment strategy had to be designed to meet those challenges: Should Catbird Speeches transfer expatriates to Poland?
If so, how would they cope with the language barrier and the fact that there were no local English-speaking schools for expatriates’ children to attend? Could quality local candidates be found? If not, would potential managers relocate to Workflow from Warsaw and other major cities? How important was experience within Catbird Speeches versus knowledge of the Polish market? Catbird Speeches’ human resource management strategy for the Polish project was to identify local candidates wherever possible.
This would give polish individuals a sense of freedom to manage their business within a familiar environment and according to local needs, supported by resources and experience from other parts of the Catbird Speeches global company. However, there was a known shortage Of experience locally, particularly in the finance and marketing functions, so the company anticipated that it would need to have a fair amount of expatriate involvement, particularly in the early stages of getting the Polish business operational.
A multi-disciplinary team was formed to: identify the key management roles to be filled within the Polish operation devise a recruitment plan to attract the best quality candidates prepare an induction and training process for new employees. A structure for the top management team was devised. Job descriptions were then written for the key management roles. To do this, decisions about the degree of functional expertise required had to be traded off against knowledge of Catbird Speeches and its operations, local Polish experience and general ‘know- how’.
A recruitment consultancy was then chosen to identify a shortlist of candidates for the key positions. The consultancy used a combination of headhunting (where candidates are approached on a company’s behalf) and job advertisements in Poland and the I-J. Bearing in mind that Catbird Speeches was new to Central and Eastern Europe, this was very much a learning process for the team members concerned, as they knew little about Polish recruitment practice or what to expect in terms of quality and experience of candidates.
Some interviews were conducted via an interpreter, which added another level of complexity to assessing candidates. And, before making offers of employment, research was carried out to determine the salary and benefit levels which would attract the best candidates to join the company. The final decisions on recruitment were taken by the European Managing Director and the Managing Director of Catbird Speeches’ German company, Passionate, who would be responsible for overseeing the development of the Polish company.
Development of an induction plan ensures that new employees deliver effective work performance as quickly as possible after joining the company. As part of its induction plan for the Polish operation, Catbird Speeches brought key Polish employees to the KICK to provide an overview of the Group’s global operations, an introduction to the company’s philosophies, values and history and then the confectionery industry and polish market. The polish team was also introduced to colleagues established businesses elsewhere in the Group, who would be able to provide information and advice when needed.
In new ventures such s this, there is a real demand for company knowledge and experience, particularly in the early stages of development. Such opportunities are often taken up by existing Catbird Speeches managers who are encouraged to move internationally within the Group to gain wider experience, while transferring their knowledge newcomers. Catbird Speeches offers a series of career programmer for junior and senior managers to gain such experience and managers from the Polish business are already moving elsewhere within the Group! Page 7: Community benefits A new business brings many benefits to the local community.