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Center on universal ethical principles- the person who has reached this stage bases moral Judgment in the higher law of truth, Justice, and morality. 2. “Positive” law defines legal liability (or culpability), but many theorists subscribe to concepts of “natural” law. What is “Positive” law? “Natural” law? How are they different? Natural law- the idea that principles of morals and rights are inherent in nature and not human made; such laws are discovered by reason but exist apart from humankind. Positive law-human made law. 3.
Our current system of law and Justice is oriented completely to the offender. “Restorative” Justice is a term used to describe a number of programs that seek to do… What? What is “Restorative” Justice and how may it work? Pig 67 To move compensation back to center stage in the Justice system, instead retribution. Restorative Justice- an approach to corrective Justice that focuses on meeting the need of all concerned. Its an alternate to retributive Justice. The propositions of the movement are: 1 . Justice requires restoring vitamins, offenders, and communities who have been injured by crime 2.
Victims, offenders, and communicates should have the opportunity to be fully active part of the Justice process 3. Gobo should restore order, but com should est. peace 4. Kantian Ethics raises different moral considerations than that of Consequentiality; compare and contrast the two ethical theories. Which conforms more to the modern concept of ethics? Internet Virtue ethics, however, places less emphasis on learning rules, and instead stresses the importance of developing good habits of character, such as benevolence Duty theories base morality on specific, foundational principles of obligation. . Explain how the social contract is the source of police power and also explain the elements and characteristics of policing that logically flow from such power. Social contrast theory is when each citizen gives up complete liberty in return social protection against others. Complete freedom is given up in return for societal protection against others. We give the police power to protect us but also realize they can use this against us. Thus theory has 3 principles 1.
Should be able to feel protected if not we need to regenerate the social contract 2. Police power should be used to min necessary o protect others. If they exceed the threshold the publicly rightly object 3. Ethics is based on their purpose. 5 ethical standards that can be derived from social contract 1 . Fair access 2. Public trust 4. Teamwork 5. Objectivity 6. Explain this statement: “The police culture, in its values and informal code of behavior, is different from the formal principals as espoused by police management. ” 7.
Describe the ethical arguments for and against law enforcement officers accepting gratuities. Against Police are proof, and proof don’t take gratuities Grata are incipient corrupters BC people expect dif treatment Grata are an buses of authority Grata can add up as much 30% of the officer income Grata can beginning of more serious corruption Perceive that police are corrupt For Others accept grata Nothing wrong with more frequent users of police services paying extra Educates tend to distort the seriousness of grata 8.
There are three types of explanations for police misconduct; describe the Societal Explanation. Get are more of an issue for commute policing. Police may be corrupt of building officials and since they are close to the community they become good friends with people so its hard to see watts illegal anymore