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Principal Crusades, and the remaining four the Minor Crusades. In addition there was a Children’s Crusade. There were several other expeditions which were insignificant In numbers or results. On Tuesday, November 27, 1095, Pope Urban II launched a series of battles known as the Crusades. The goal was to launch a counterattack against the Useless in Anatolia then defeat the Muslims in Syria and Palestine and eventually retake Jerusalem from the Egyptians. Most of the crusaders were nobles. By 1096, five major armies of noblemen–manly French–had been assembled and set out on their Journey.
The common people also got caught up in the excitement and organized their own “popular Crusade” led by a preacher known as Peter the Hermit. Very few of the popular Crusaders made it to the Middle East and even less lasted until Jerusalem. This First Crusade was successful In Its holy war, slaughtering Muslims everywhere they went and taking many cities. But after these attacks, the Muslims became more unified and organized under lama ad-Din Gangs, ruler of AY Massif and Half (Aleph). They fought back and retook the city of Odessa in 1144.
So in 1145 the Second Crusade was launched. These Crusaders fell into ambushes and lost battles and basically failed. The Muslims regrouped again and began retaking more territory from the Crusaders. In 1187, they took back Jerusalem, leaving Type in Lebanon as the only major city still occupied by the Crusaders. The Third Crusade didn’t work very well either. Although they had lots of people, all they got was a chain of cities along the Mediterranean. From there, the Crusades basically went down hill.
The fourth one, in 1202-1204, had financial difficulties. To get money, they took Constantinople and plundered It. In 1217, the Fifth Crusade was launched. The plan was to attack Egypt, take Cairo, and then get control of the Sinai Peninsula. But promised reinforcements didn’t show and the campaign failed. Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II kept promising to lead his own Crusade but postponing it because of political stuff at home. Finally, in 1227, he set off but returned in a few days because he got sick. The Pope was not a happy camper and excommunicated.
His Crusade was unique, consisting almost completely of diplomatic negotiations with the Egyptian sultan AY-Kamala. Frederick got a peace treaty giving Jerusalem to the Crusaders and guaranteeing a 10-year break from citing. But the Pope still didn’t like him and proclaimed a Crusade against Frederick, got an army and attacked his Italian possessions. Twenty years later the next big Crusade to the Middle East was launched by King Louis IX of France when the Muslims took back Jerusalem in 1244. After four years of planning, he headed to Egypt.
After capturing the port of Admitted, they attacked Cairo. The Crusaders hadn’t guarded their flanks and the Egyptians kept control of the water reservoirs by the Nile. They opened the gate and trapped the whole Crusading army in floods. The Crusaders had to pay a huge ransom and give back Admitted before returning home. The last major Crusade came in 1270, again organized by King Louis (he apparently liked being humiliated). The French nobles weren’t particularly enthusiastic. Instead of Egypt, Louis decided to attack the city of Tunis.
But the Crusade ended quickly when Louis died in the summer of 1270. What was the Cause for the Crusades? The reason for the crusades was a war between Christians and Moslems which centered around the city of Jerusalem. The City of Jerusalem held a Holy significance to the Christian religion. The Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem commemorated the ill of crucifixion and the tomb of Chrism’s burial and was visited by Pilgrims. In 1065 Jerusalem was taken by the Turks and 3000 Christians were massacred starting a chain of events which contributed to the cause of the crusades.
What were the Objectives of the Crusades? The Objectives of the crusades was at first to release the Holy Land, in particular Jerusalem, from the Saracens, but in time was extended to seizing Spain from the Moors, the Slavs and Pagans from eastern Europe, and the islands of the Mediterranean. How many Crusades were there? There were a total of nine crusades! The first four crusades were seen as the most import and scant reference is made to the other crusades – with the exception of the Children’s crusade which effectively led to the decline of the crusades.
For a period of two hundred years Europe and Asia were engaged in almost constant warfare. Throughout this period there was a continuous movement of crusaders to and from the Moslem possessions in Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt. The First Crusade The first crusade, which lasted from 1095-1099, established the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, providing more lands for the crusading knights, who often traveled across Europe to try their fortunes and to visit the Holy Sepulcher. The kingdom of Jerusalem was gradually lost until the last Christian city, Acre, fell in 1291.
The dream of returning to the Holy Land nonetheless proved popular; the Kings of France and England frequently made such plans, though in nearly every case the crusades were redirected or derailed by regional tensions. The Crusades and the Orders of Religious Knights The crusades also gave rise to the important knightly orders, the Knights Template, the Teutonic Knights and the Hospitalizes. These were orders of religious knights, irking from monastic rule to defend the holy land and pilgrims en route to Jerusalem.
The Effects of the Crusades The effects of the Crusades on Europe of the Middle Ages were an important factor in the history of the progress of civilization. The effects of the Crusades influenced the wealth and power of the Catholic Church, Political matters, commerce, feudalism, intellectual development, social effects, material effects and the effects of the crusades also prompted the famous Voyages of discovery. The Crusades – The Kingdom of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was ruled by European Kings and Queens between 1099 ND 1291.
This section details the founding of the Kingdom of Jerusalem by Goodbye of Bouillon, the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and its fall into the hands of Salad’s. The names of all the Kings and Queens of the Kingdom of Jerusalem are also listed on this section. The Crusaders The crusaders came from both the Upper and Lower classes. What prompted tens of thousands of people to travel 1000 miles to go on the First Crusade? What privileges were granted to crusaders? The Crusades Timeline People and events in the Middle Ages via the Crusades Timeline. The Crusades
Timeline details the key dates and leaders of all the crusades. Holy Land Pilgrimage The Holy Land Pilgrimages sprang from the pilgrimages which Christians had long be Reasons for the Crusade: The Crusades began with the Christians and the Muslims fighters over the Holy Land. In the medieval times religion played a big part in everyday life, affecting everything from your social class to what you do on a Friday night. With religion playing such a large role in people’s lives, the holy places such as Jerusalem, was a place of special significance any strong religious people. Ought that by fighting in the crusade they guarantee themselves a place in heaven and would “right their wrongs. ” In 1095, Pope Urban the second made one speech that had a great effect on many people and accustomed to make the scenes of Chrism’s life on earth. He passed the message that is Gods will for these crusades to be carried out. This speech made thousands of knights; peasants and children get up and march to Jerusalem to fight. Cause of the Crusades Interesting Facts and information about Cause of the Crusades in the Middle Ages Cause of the Crusades – 3000 Christian Pilgrims massacred in Jerusalem
Religious Conviction The Instinct to Fight The Preaching of Peter the Hermit The Threat of the Turks The Council of Claremont led by Pope Urban II The Children’s Crusade During the interval between the Fourth and the Fifth Crusade, the epidemically fanaticism that had so long agitated Europe seized upon the children, resulting in what is known as the Children’s Crusade. The Children’s Crusade – Stephen of Closes The preacher of the Children’s crusade was a child about twelve years of age, a French peasant lad, named Stephen of Closes, who became persuaded that Jesus Sepulcher.
The children became wild with excitement, and flocked in vast crowds to the places appointed for rendezvous. Nothing could restrain them or thwart their purpose. “Even bolts and bars,” says an old chronicler, “could not hold them. ” The movement excited the most diverse views. Some declared that it was inspired by the Holy Spirit, and quoted such Scriptural texts as these to Justify the enthusiasm: “A child shall lead them;” “Out of the mouth of babes and suckling thou hast ordained praise. Others, however, were quite as confident that the whole thing was the work of the Devil. The great majority of those who collected at the rallying places were boys under twelve years of age, but there were also many girls. The French Children’s Crusade During the year 1212 A. D. About 30,000 French children assembled in bands and marched through the towns and villages, carrying banners, candles, and crosses and singing, “Lord God, exalt Christianity. Lord God, restore to us the true cross. ” The French children, set out from the place of rendezvous for Marseilles.
Those that sailed from that port were betrayed, and sold as slaves in Alexandria and other Mohammedan slave markets. The children could not be restrained at first, but finally hunger compelled them to return home. The German Children’s Crusade In Germany, during the same year, a lad named Nicholas really did succeed in launching a crusade. He led a mixed multitude of men and women, boys and girls totaling 50,000 in number,over the Alps into Italy, where they expected to take ship for Palestine. From Burgundies 2000 or 3000 of the little crusaders sailed away into oblivion.
Not a word ever came back from them. Many other children perished of hardships, many were sold into slavery, and only a few ever saw their homes again. These children,” Pope Innocent Ill declared, “put us to shame; while we sleep they rush to recover the Holy Land. ” The Children’s Crusade marked the decline of the Crusades This remarkable spectacle of the children’s crusade affords the most striking exhibition possible of the ignorance, superstition, and fanaticism that characterized the period.
Yet we cannot but reverence the holy enthusiasm of an age that could make such sacrifices of innocence and helplessness in obedience to what was believed to be the will of God. The children’s expedition marked at once the lamination and the decline of the crusading movement. The fanatic zeal that inspired the first crusaders was already dying out. “These children,” said the Pope, referring to the young crusaders, “reproach us with having fallen asleep, whilst they were flying to the assistance of the Holy Land. During the interval between the Fourth and the Fifth Crusade, the epidemically fanaticism that had so long agitated Europe seized upon the children, resulting in what is known as the Children’s Crusade. The Children’s Crusade – Stephen of Closes boys under twelve years of age, but there were also many girls. The French Children’s Crusade hunger compelled them to return home. The German Children’s Crusade rush to recover the Holy Land. ” The Children’s Crusade marked the decline of the Crusades Christ had commanded him to lead a crusade of children to the rescue of the Holy were flying to the assistance of the Holy Land. Effects of the Crusades The Crusades kept all Europe in a tumult for two centuries, and directly and indirectly cost Christendom several millions of lives (from 2,000,000 to 6,000,000 according to different estimates), besides incalculable expenditures in treasure and suffering. They were, moreover, attended by all the disorder, license, and crime with which war is always accompanied. On the other hand, the Holy Wars were productive indirectly of so much and lasting good that they form a most important factor in the history of the progress of civilization.
The effects of the crusades influenced: The role, wealth and power of the Catholic Church Political effects Effects of the Crusades on Commerce Effects of the Crusades on Feudalism Social development Intellectual development Social Effects of the Crusades Effects of the Crusades – Intellectual Development Material Development – Voyages of Discovery Effects of the Crusades on the Catholic Church The Crusades contributed to increase the wealth of the Church and the power of the Papacy.
Thus the prominent part which the Popes took in the enterprises naturally fostered their authority and influence, by placing in their hands, the armies and resources of Christendom, and accustoming the people to look to them as guides and leaders. As to the wealth of the churches and monasteries, this was augmented enormously by the sale to them, often for a mere fraction of their actual value, of the estates of hose preparing for the expeditions, or by the out and out gift of the lands of such in return for prayers and pious benedictions.
Thousands of the crusaders, returning broken in spirits and in health, sought an asylum in cloistral retreats, and endowed the establishments that they entered with all their worldly goods Besides all this, the stream of the ordinary gifts of piety was swollen by the extraordinary fervor of religious enthusiasm which characterized the period into enormous proportions. In all these ways, the power of the Papacy and the wealth of the Church were vastly augmented. One of the most important effects of the crusades was on commerce.