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The phenomenon itself has been around for thousands of years in different dimensions. These dimensions are environmental globalization, military globalization, social globalization and economic globalization. Economic globalization is the highlight of the 21st century globalization, but globalization has spilled-over beyond the economic sphere.
Joseph Stilling argues that knowledge-based economy generates “powerful spillover effects, often spreading like fire and triggering further innovation ND setting off chain reactions of new inventions”(NEE, 258) In the 21st century globalization, most of the effects happen in the capitalist economic sphere (e. G. Trade, multinational cooperation etc. ). Since networks are more interconnected, however, the spillover effects spill over to the social, political and environmental divisions. The rise in inequality and poverty as capitalism and free trade spread around the world is an example of these spillover effects.
Also, changes in economy trigger policy changes (e. G. United States policy change in the 2008 financial crisis) or political ormolu with groups opposing globalization as a whole, which are also spillover effects. Another spillover effects is more consumption and an increased usage of resources. Globalization comes with implications. There may be domestic conflict (generally against globalization). In paces like Sudan, Afghanistan and Iran, conservative groups have resisted globalization strongly, even violently (NEE, 260). States are more sensitive and vulnerable to system effects.
Domestic politics may change (either the policy government implements or the states method of governing- many states became democratic capitalists as globalization spread). The definition between domestic and international blurred. Nowadays, many domestic decisions have international effects. It is harder to fight the five global wars: drugs, arms trafficking, intellectual property, alien smuggling and money laundering; as well as terrorism since they have become global too. Globalization threatens the political sovereignty of states, which makes it hard for states too cooperate and fight global wars.
Globalization makes world interdependent, creates Joint benefits encouraging cooperation, but economic interdependence can be used as a weapon too. (NEE, 263) These are the political implementations. The biggest implications of globalization on society are the inequality it causes and the spread of new ideas and cultures. The spread of ideas and cultures may either cause acceptance and friendship, or nationalism and racism. There are also the multinational corporations (Mans) which local shops/vendors have to compete with.
This may cause unemployment if the local market cannot compete with the global market. Environmentally, trade increases with globalization, increasing consumption and decreasing the environmental quality since resources have to be used to keep up with demand. This causes global warming, deforestation, ozone depletion, and pollution. Trade also causes biodiversity. For liberals, military power and alliances are not the only way to cooperate. Liberals think that common interests can be found and the more countries interact, the easier it is to find mutual ground for cooperation.
Liberals still acknowledge states as the main actor, but emphasize cooperation (increasing globalization is every dimension). For cooperation, liberals state that there should be democracies. Realists on the other hand look at the size of globalization. They think hat globalization and cooperation may help small states and Nags because of network effects. States are the central power according to realists since they posses hard power. Realists say that states cooperate with Gigs and Mans only if it is I their interests and argue that we are not more global than we were.
Constructivist are generally optimistic about globalization. They believe in the bottom-up method. Constructivist say that the role of the states and authorities is decentralized and that soft power is becoming more valuable. They believe in the boomerang pattern; which shows how multilateral organizations can affect a state’s policy. Globalization, effects multiple dimensions and its spillover effects are beyond the economic sphere. There are major political, social and environmental implementations of globalization. While liberals have a very optimistic point of view on globalization, realists have a pessimistic view.
Constructivist, on the other have a relatively optimistic view on globalization, acknowledging effectiveness of multilateral organizations and soft power, while viewing the states as the main actors. Economic sphere. Joseph Stilling argues that a knowledge-based economy enervates “powerful spillover effects, often spreading like fire and triggering further innovation and setting off chain reactions of new inventions”(NEE, 258). In the 21st century globalization, most of the effects happen in the capitalist economic sphere (e. G. Trade, multinational cooperation etc. . However, because networks are more interconnected, the spillover effects spillover to the social, political and environmental divisions. The rise in inequality and poverty as capitalism and free trade spread around the world is an example of these spillover effects. Also, changes in economy trigger policy changes (e. G. United States policy change in the 2008 financial crisis) or political turmoil with groups opposing globalization as a whole, which are also spillover effects. Other spillover effects are more consumption and increased usage of resources.
Globalization comes with implications. There may be domestic conflict (generally against globalization). In places like Sudan, Afghanistan and Iran, conservative groups have resisted globalization strongly, even violently (NEE, 260). States are more sensitive and vulnerable to system effects. Domestic politics may change (either the policy government implements or the state’s method f governing-many states became democratic capitalists as globalization spread). The definition between domestic and international blurred.
Nowadays, many domestic decisions have international effects. It is harder to fight the five global wars: drugs, arms trafficking, intellectual property, alien smuggling and money laundering; (Anima,535) as well as terrorism since they have become global too. Globalization threatens the political sovereignty of states, which makes it hard for states to cooperate and fight global wars. Globalization makes world interdependent, creates mint benefits encouraging cooperation, but economic interdependence can be used as a weapon too. (NEE, 263) These are the political implementations.
The biggest implications of globalization on society are the inequality it causes and the spread of new ideas and cultures. The spread of ideas and cultures may either cause acceptance and friendship or nationalism and racism. There are also the multinational corporations (Mans) which local shops/vendors have to compete with. This may cause unemployment if the local market cannot compete with the global market. Environmentally, trade increases with globalization, increasing consumption ND decreasing the environmental quality since resources have to be used to keep up with demand.
This causes global warming, deforestation, ozone depletion, and pollution. Trade also causes biodiversity. For liberals, military power and alliances are not the only way to cooperate. Liberals think that common interests can be found and the more countries interact, the easier it is to find mutual ground for cooperation. Liberals still acknowledge states as the main actor, but emphasize cooperation (increasing globalization is every dimension). For cooperation, liberals state that there should be democracies. Realists, on the other hand, look at the size of globalization.
They think that globalization and cooperation may help small states and Nags because of network effects. States are the central power according to realists since they posses hard power. Realists say that states cooperate with Gigs and Mans only if it is in their interests and argue that we are not more global than we were. Constructivist are generally optimistic about globalization. They believe in the bottom-up method. Constructivist say that the role of the states and authorities is decentralized and that soft power is becoming more valuable.
They believe in the boomerang pattern; which shows how multilateral organizations can affect the state’s policy. Globalization affects multiple dimensions and its spillover effects are beyond the economic sphere. There are major political, social and environmental implementations of globalization. While liberals have a very optimistic point of view on globalization, realists have a pessimistic view. Constructivist, on the other, have a relatively optimistic view on globalization, acknowledging effectiveness of multilateral organizations and soft power, while viewing the states as the main actors.