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Draft evasion included a variety things, such as: being arrested, exemptions, or not signing up for the draft. When the draft was used in earlier years, draftees with higher educational experience were given deferments or given safer Jobs. However, In the desperation of the Vietnam War. Educational deferments were more restrictive, not allowing post-graduates to receive them even to make the selective process more objective. This led to the lottery system, where men were chosen based on their number given to them based on their birth days.
Receiving deferments became more difficult thus causing men to go to new extremes. Many claimed to be homosexual to avoid the draft, had disabled family members live with them to get hardship deferments, and some even went as far as injuring themselves to receive medical exemptions. The difficulty of evading the draft through legal means caused men to use Illegal means as a fall resort. Some were as mild as burning their draft cards or signing petitions of refusal. Other tactics were more extreme. There were people known of breaking into the draft centers and burning the government’s records.
Around 210,000 men were arrested for crimes relating to the Selective Service. Neglecting to sign up for the draft and live underground was a strategy used often by the poor. Approximately 12. 000 men deserted the U. S. Military by going to other countries or going underground when it came time to show up for training. When the requirements for eligible inductees lessened, more reckless draftees were chosen and deserted more often. Also, professionals of all kind would give out false letters that reported that certain Individuals were unfit to serve In the war.
In the judicial system, court cases involving draft evasion became increasingly possible to in. Overall, men eligible for the draft would go to great lengths to avoid the draft and thus suffered severe consequences because of it, like exile, imprisonment, social Isolation, etc. APPLICATION- The draft seemed to be more problematic to maintain than It was worth. If the Selective Service was to be reopened-up, then I predict that the level of draft evasion would increase. More medical professionals would be sympathetic to the people wanting to avoid the draft.
The population of the elderly is increasing because of new medical technology, thereby Increasing the number of kissable people that live with someone eligible for the draft. If women were added to the draft in this more equality-focused time, then many women would get out of the century, creating false exemptions would be easier. Although, it would be more difficult to neglect registering for the draft because of new technology too. The fast- paced news availability would tell other people in the country ways that some people avoided the draft, thereby giving others potential ideas to cheat the system.
The Internet could allow activist groups to form and create violent protests. There are easier ways to protest in modern times that would only cause chaos. U. S. Celebrities and other influential people could help rally the public to evade the draft in protest. People could keep petitioning until the draft is eliminated. There is also the possibility of serious, violent protests that could leave the country divided and disorganized. THESIS-The Selective Service should not be activated to increase the combat against terror. ARGUMENT #1- Activating the draft would cause people to protest.
CITATION- Kind, Jessie. “Vietnam War: Draft Resistance. ” Vietnam: Draft Resistance. N. P. , 2008. Web. 1 May 2013. SUMMARY- Draft evasion and draft resistance has been present in all of the wars in the United States. One war specifically stands out as being a widely protested war, the Vietnam War. The large draft resistance almost destroyed the Selective Service system all together. Those No resisted the draft during the Vietnam War were known to file for conscientious Objector statuses, to not show up to induction when called on, or to try to claim that they were disabled.
Many eligible men fled to Canada through secretive passageways. At school campuses, students began to protest against the draft that Nas being forced upon them. They protested against the war, against the campus bureaucracy, and against the graduation that would cause them to become eligible to serve. Students began to burn their draft cards in 1969 to protest. The student body presidents of 253 universities Joined together to write letters to the White House that informed the government of their refusal to induction. The protests often became focused around the Selective Service Centers and recruitment centers on campuses. Y 1972, the number of draft resisters actually outnumbered the draftees. The Selective Service reported that 206,000 people were reported delinquent throughout the whole Vietnam War. The amount of people that avoided the draft became so great that there were too many people to arrest and punish that the President, Jimmy Carter, allowed those who fled the country during the war to come back where he passed a general amnesty. Only about 9,000 people of the nearly 210,000 people accused was actually convicted. In Seattle, one of the draft resistance groups was called the Draft Resistance-Seattle.
The leader, Earnest Dudley, refused to be inducted, thus leading the group to protest around his trial. The leader Joined with other students and first-year graduates to delay the induction from 5 to 10 people a Neck, which slowed down the process. APPLICATION-The Vietnam War is the best example of how Americans would react to the Selective Service being reinstated to combat terror. Young people, who are eligible to serve in the military, would Join together with other people their age and protest against the government’s use of the draft to supply troops for the War of Terror.
These protests have the potential to turn ‘Eileen and chaotic very easily. There would also be numerous individuals fleeing the United States so that they would not have to be placed in the military. It would become more and more difficult to keep the Selective Service from falling apart. The do it. Plus, the draft is so outdated that the generation it would affect would be much more outraged by something so fundamentally restrictive of the freedom that this generation has grown up with. They would be far less accepting of the draft compared to young people in the Vietnam War and so on where the draft was a normal part of life.
The young people that would be eligible for combat against terror loud not understand the moral opinion of serving your country as a part of your duty as an American. People would not view it as a rite of passage or an honorable sacrifice. The Selective Service would only be looked at as a way that the government is opposing the freedom of its people. In conclusion, if the Selective Service was reintroduced into American life, the people of the United States would fiercely protest against the unfair use of government power. Terror.
ARGUMENT #2- Having a voluntary service is more effective than a selective service. CITATION- Crawford H. Greensward, memorandum to Thomas Gates, Wilmington, Delaware, December 31, 1969. SUMMARY- There are five main reasons why the United States armed forces decided to use only an all-voluntary service instead of using the Selective Service. One reason was the comparison between the increasing size of the eligible population and the decreasing size of the population needed for combat. Secondly, the cost of collecting enough draftees was difficult to keep under budget.
Third, neither side of the political spectrum agreed with the draft wholeheartedly. Republicans and libertarians viewed the draft as unconstitutional cause it forced young men to fight without their personal consent. Liberals viewed the draft as discriminatory against the lower class. A fourth reason why the Selective Service was put to rest was because of the unsupported war in Vietnam in the asses, which only caused Americans to want to revoke the draft more. Lastly, the army in the United States wanted more soldiers that were willing to be disciplined and cooperate.
The United States Army found that there were better ways to enlist people to Join the army, such as educational benefits, bonuses, and persuasive advertising. As a result of voluntary enlisting in the military, the military became a professional army and the salaries increased as well as the quality of soldiers intellectually. Also, the rate of enlistment spiked largely. According to the 2004 report collected by the Department of Defense, the work force of younger people in civilian population is actually less than the proportion of younger people working in the military.
While the proportion of women serving in the military is much less than men, the percent of women in the armed forces has increased by 13 percent since the draft was outlawed. Since the start of an all-volunteer service, more soldiers are married by an increase of 9 percent. The military is much more educated without the draft with a 92 percent of active-duty soldiers having a high school degree. Active-duty officers with baccalaureate degrees is also high with 95 percent. Enlistees generally come from the middle and lower middle class.
According to the 2002 statistics, African- Americans in the military was 2 percent higher than African-Americans in the civilian population. The military without the use of the Selective Service represents more of he diversity of the United States. APPLICATION- There are too many arguments for never and could never be used again. For example, women would, most likely, be Just as eligible to fight as men. This would double the population eligible for the draft, Inch would exceed the number of soldiers needed to combat terror. It would be an unnecessary expense to set the draft system up and carry it out.
The complaint of Nesting money for the Selective Service would be an issue that no political party will side with, especially in this economic crisis that the United States has been facing in cent years. Democrats would still complain about the unfair treatment to lower classes and Republicans would still complain about taking away freedom from American civilians. I cannot see a situation where the government would reopen the idea for the draft to be reinstated. If there was an event like on September 1 lath, 2001 , then more people would enlist voluntarily anyways, so a draft would be unnecessary.
Overall, the use of the Selective Service may increase the quantity of soldiers fighting but, consequently, decreases the quality of the military. People who re forced to enlist in the armed forces will not be focused on becoming better solders but instead they will focus on not wanting to be there and thinking of ways they could escape. THESIS-The Selective Service should not be activated to increase the combat against terror. ARGUMENT #2- Having a voluntary service is more effective than a selective service. CITATION- Rheum, Staff SST. Kathleen T. “All Volunteer Force – Proven Quantity in the Persian Gulf War and Beyond. All Volunteer Force – Proven Quantity in the Persian Gulf War and Beyond. American Forces Pees Service, n. . Web. 28 Par. 2013. SUMMARY- Defensive leaders claim to not be in favor of reinstating the military draft. The size of the armed forces that leaders wanted was accomplished in roughly 10 to 15 years. The first times that the all-volunteer force Nas used and proven to be successful was in the Persian Gulf War in the early asses. Rhea assumption that an all-voluntary force would cause more African-Americans to be killed in war, as well as other minorities, has proven to be incorrect.
The office of the Undersecretary of Defense Personnel and Readiness reported that most African- Americans actually serve in supportive positions, like administration. Only 23 percent of those serving in the Persian Gulf War were African-American and only 17 percent of the death toll came from African-Americans. The stereotype that the military is made up from the less educated of society is also grossly untrue. Majority are high school graduates and many have achieved some college by the end of their first term. He military are aiming to enlist a more intelligent and more professional armed forces to defend the United States. In 2003, it was reported that only 75 percent of he general population had graduated high school, whereas 90 percent of the new enlistees in the military had receive their high school diploma. Having an all- lunette military force is unique to the United States and envied from around the Nor. The United States has even been asked to help other countries in former Communist Bloc countries and in Western Europe form their own system of voluntary enlistment.
Many members of the armed forces that have come from voluntary enlisting in the military go on to higher positions, staying in the military because of the enjoyment that they received out of serving. APPLICATION- If the idea of bringing back the Selective Service is not even liked by military officials, then there is no sense In making the draft law again. First off, it would very difficult to get the support of the draft again, then it would be a waste of time and money to implement it again. Secondly, defensive leaders do not want to have lazy, fearful, abandoning, etc. En and women being trained to defend the Unites States. The more uneducated and uncommitted involuntary draftees being sent out into combat situations, the more underpowered soldiers die. The best solution to this is to keep the military service optional. Military officers would rather build up one soldier to last, than have numerous men and women being sent out to the field without as much training as someone with more experience. We need to focus on building up the army we have ‘rears adding to it only for the numbers aspect.
This is one of the reasons that the military is pushing for better educated recruits. If there are better educated people in the battlefields that can think quicker in desperate situations, then we should obviously be investing in him or her. The military needs to be viewed as a larger, more intelligent career so that it will become better equipped in the kinds of soldiers being invested in. Plus, if the military is desperate for recruits, then it should put more focus onto advertising. It is not difficult to emphasize the honor and necessity of serving in the military in the media.
The armed forces should also highlight the ‘arioso benefits that serving in the armed forces gives to men and women who enlist. Overall, I think that implementing the draft would be extremely unnecessary and unwanted by the general public or the armed forces. THESIS-The Selective Service should not be activated to increase the combat against terror. ARGUMENT #3- Reinstating the Selective Service would be more costly and less effective than having an all-voluntary force. CITATION- Holland, Richard. “Cost of Reviving Draft Put at $1 Billion a Year. ” New York Times n. D. : n. Page.
Web. 28 Par. 2013. SUMMARY-The Defense Department works with various consultants regularly. One consultant in particular, calculated that it would cost the United States over $1 billion per year to reinstate the Selective Service. Syllogistic, the consultants, reports that the training cost of volunteers for four or five year terms is much less than the training for draftees that would be serving for only two years. If the draft system was to be used again, there would be a very large possibility that draftees would have to serve longer terms, making their cost even greater.
Also, the draft is not completely equal and fair. Although the eligibility is the same for young men, and potentially women if it were reinstated in the 21st century, only the ones chosen actually have to serve. This Mould only truly be fair if everyone eligible would have to serve, much like in Israel, instead of basing who to send to war on a lottery system. The problem with this solution is that the armed forces do not need all of the eligible population, especially f women were to be added into the armed forces as being equal. Most soldiers that Nerve enlisted because of the draft do not generally re-enlist.
APPLICATION- In recent {ears, the United States has faced an economic disaster with a massive, increasing national debt. The national government does not have the resources to be loose with their money. The lack of funds in the United States government makes reinstating the Selective Service almost impossible and most certainly improbable. If the draft was brought back into law, the United States would be paying an unnecessary and very costly expense. The country does not need to use the Selective Service to increase their recruitment into the armed forces nearly enough to throw money at the topic. Back in the outcome of their investment. Secondly, there is the question of where that money would come from exactly that would fund the draft. This would lead to enormous tax increases that the American people would definitely not be happy about. On top of the draft being something that the American people would be angry about, the taxes to pay for that would only increase the disapproval of the government. This would lead to more people complaining, petitioning, protesting, etc. To the government. Also, the increase in recruitment of more people into the armed forces would require more people to be paid for their service.
As a result of most enlistees not re-enlisting after their short terms are finished, the money being paid by the government being invested in people who are not going to contribute as much as someone who would volunteer and recommit to serving. Essentially, the government is throwing away their money and expecting the army to be more effective still. Spending more money on those members of the military that will serve for a long time and gain irreplaceable experience that will greatly ensure the safety of their life but also better defend the United States as a result.
The simple truth is that the inexperience of people being enlisted due to a mandatory draft are more likely to die compared to an experienced or eagerly learning volunteer. It only makes sense that the government would want to invest in more of the voluntary soldiers ether than numerous temporary soldiers. Terror. ARGUMENT #3- Reinstating the Selective Service would be more costly and less effective than having an all-voluntary force. CITATION- Corcoran, James J. , Ph. D. ‘Shutting Out the Draft. ” The Heritage Foundation. N. P. , 08 July 2004. Web. 01 May 2013.
SUMMARY- James Jay Corcoran served in the United States military during Vietnam and the decade following Vietnam. He claims that during the Vietnam War the army was poor in morale, poor in training, and poorly stretched out. Once the draft was no longer in place, the army became more professional, properly prepared, ND mentally focused. One of the key points to the importance of having an all- Lunette force is the Reserves. Reserves are military men and women who have served in the armed forces before, had their terms end, and signed up to return to service if they are needed again.
Reserves are called to active-duty only for deployments or training. When they are not serving in the military, they work civilian bobs like any other non-military civilian. The cost of retaining the forces of Reserves “hen they are not deployed is a fraction of the cost of full-time, active duty soldiers. He Pentagon has been able to fund better training and improving equipment by maintaining a large Reserve of about 47 percent of the complete military. The United States military can expand rapidly in times of emergency by calling in the Reserves to service.
The War of Terror has caused the Reserves to be called in more than ever since the Second World War. The people selected to return when there is a need are pulled out of a pool called the Individual Ready Reserve. These people in the Individual Ready Reserve are generally of specific skills that do not get actively assigned to certain units or attend periodic training. The Reserves are obligated to give up whatever they are doing when they get called back into service, but they are Reserves.
APPLICATION- There is an obvious difference in quality between armies formed by drafts and armies formed using only volunteers. The drafted military was less structured and a waste of resources that could have been given to those that purposefully stayed in the military. The greatest cost saver of using the all-voluntary force is the Reserves. The Reserves cost less for the United States, and last longer. There is more of a profit that the government in making as a result of having rebelliously trained and equipped armed forces re-sign up to serve.
The experience that the members of the Reserves is worth more money than retraining an Inexperienced man or woman selected by the draft. The enlistees of an all-voluntary force are more willing to be trained and to be flexible in what the military asks of them to do. New recruits enlisted by the Selective Service would not be nearly as attentive to training and how they can better serve their country. This demonstrates the obvious difference in cost value of the different kinds of people being inducted into the military service.