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Traffic related noise pollution accounts for nearly two-third of the total noise pollution in an urban area. Noise, a by product of arbitration, industrialization and modernization, is increasingly recognized as an environmental nuisance that effects human health and wellbeing. Traffic noise on existing urban road- ways lowers the quality of life and property values for persons residing near these urban corridors Sugar is now the tenth largest city of India having an estimated population of 40 lakes plus at present. An inconceivable population growth rate of 76. 2 % was observed in he last decade as a result of rapid industrialization. Sugar is well known as diamond city and is also famous for silk and ajar industry. Owing to its rapid industrialization and better job opportunities, observation is made for the migration from all over India and particularly from Arioso, U. P. , M. P. , Briar and Restaurants. Due to explosion Of population and rapid industrialization the transportation in the city increased to UN- imaginary heights, but due to the want of efficient Mass Transit System, individual vehicular growth also touched escalating heights. As on 31-12-2006, the vehicles registered at R.
T. O. Is 13 lakes plus. This is equivalent to the highest growth rate of Delhi. Thus the explosion of population, rapid industrialization and highest growth rate in vehicle population made the traffic problems complicated. This research paper highlights the noise pollution study carried out on three of the busiest urban corridors of Sugar city. 1. Introduction Due to arbitration, there is a huge increase in the vehicular population on the urban corridors. In India, transportation demand in urban areas continues to increase rapidly as a result of both population growth and changes in travel patterns.
During the first decade of the 21 SST century only, the urban areas in the country confront a historic transportation crisis that has become a planning war against increasing mobility gridlock and noise pollution. Due to absence of a good, convenient and efficient public transport system in urban areas, there has been a need to develop the major corridors of the cities. Traffic related noise pollution accounts for nearly two-third of the total noise pollution in an urban area. Traffic noise on existing urban road-ways lowers the quality of life and property values for person residing in vicinity of these urban corridors.
Thus, the study of road traffic noise in big cities is an important issue. Due to limited availability of land resources and finances, many highways and important roads are in the residential and commercial areas. Hence there will be some adverse and environmental effects including psychological and physiological effects to those living to proximity of these corridors. The recognition Of road traffic noise as one Of the main sources of environmental pollution has led to develop models that enable to predict noise level from fundamental variables. Traffic noise prediction models are required as aids for urban corridors and highways.
In addition, sometimes these models are used in the assessment of existing or envisaged changes in traffic noise conditions. So the present study was carried out to analyze the present state of noise pollution in three major corridors of the Sugar city and to develop a linear regression model to analyze the corridors and to suggest proper measures to reduce the noise within permissible limits. 2. Study Area Profile In India, geographical point of view Sugar city is 260 km north of Iambi city and 224 km south of Mohammedan city. On map it is located at Latitude 2100 12′ N, Longitude 720 EYE near bank of river Tap.
Sugar is a city located on the western part of India in the state of Gujarat It is one of the most dynamic cities of India with one of the fastest growth rate due to immigration from various parts of Gujarat and other states of India. Sugar is now the tenth migration from all over India and particularly from Arioso, U. P. , Briar. Due to explosion of population and rapid industrialization the transportation in the city increased to imaginary heights but due to the want of efficient Mass Transit system, individual vehicular growth also touched the heights.
As on 31-12-2006, the vehicles registered at R. T. O. Is 13. 0 lakes plus. This is equivalent to the highest growth rate of Delhi (capital of India) Thus the explosion of population, rapid industrialization and highest growth rate in vehicle population made the traffic problems complicated. Sugar city is an outcome of the expansion of the city’s limits at various intervals geared to accommodate the additional population and the increasing economic activities. In the year 1 664, the city was limited to the inner walled city covering an area of 1. 78 sq. SMS.
In 1 707, with the construction of the outer wall, the area of the city increased to 7. 36 sq. SMS. For the next almost 250 ears the increase in the city area wasn’t very significant and in 1963 the city covered an area of 8. 18 sq. SMS. In the same year 13. 77 sq. SMS. Was added to the city area, increasing its total area to 21. 95 sq. SMS. From 112. 27 sq. SMS, the present area of Sugar city is 326. 515 sq. SMS. Carat’s population has grown drastically. In the year 2001 the population Of the city was around 25 lakes and at present it is 40 lakes plus. As shown in Fig-I) 3. Vehicular Growth of Sugar city The enormous growth of the textile, diamond, and other Industries within the city, and setting up of large scale industries in Hazier and other industrial sockets around the city have resulted in the increase in trade & commerce activities and uplift of the socio-economic status of the people of Sugar city. This is evident from the exponential growth of vehicles; particularly the 2- wheelers and cars (fig 2). The composition vehicles is shown in Fig 3. Total there are six corridors in Sugar city.
These corridors are (I) Jammed- Brachia corridor (ii) Alpha- Render corridor (iii) Hazier-Disdain corridor (iv) Caching-Dana corridor (v) Goddard-Sahara corridor (vi) Dumas-Thaw corridor. These six corridors include diversified activities of business, residenceћ commerce and industries. A mix type of traffic has been observed on these corridors. Different type of land- use pattern has been seen along these corridors. Due to these reasons, out Of the six corridors, Thaw, Sahara and Dana corridors were selected for the study purpose. 4.
Materials and methodology The sound level meter used for this study was model no SSL-DODD. The step wise procedure followed in the study has been illustrated below: Profile of the road and its surroundings was prepared I. E. Height of the building along the road, open spaces along the road. Different main factors affect the traffic noise generation in most of the cities. In study the main factors like traffic flow (vehicles/min), open space, building height along the road were measured. The noise levels were measured at rush hours (5-8 pm). The readings were taken on 3 major corridors of Sugar city biz. I) Goddard-Sahara Darwin road (ii) Dumas-Thaw Gate road & (iii) Caching-Lashed Darwin road. The readings were taken at an interval of 1 mm. A total of 32 reading (16 on each side) were taken on 1 corridor. Following this procedure a total of 96 readings were taken on the three corridors. The urban corridor noise model was built on the basis of readings of two corridors-Sahara darns road & thaw gate road and the model was tested on the third corridor- Dana Darwin road. For a one single corridor, the 1st point was taken as O m and the no. Of vehicles I. E. No. F 2-wheelers, 3- wheelers, 4-wheelers passing through that section in 5 minutes were counted and a total of 16 readings were taken on one side of the road following this procedure, 32 readings on both side Of the road were taken for one single corridor. After this the no. Of vehicles were converted in Passenger Car Unit I. E. PICK. A factor of 0. 75 for 2- w, 1 for 3 & 4 wheelers, 2. 8 for buses and trucks respectively was adopted. 5. Results and discussion Maximum noise was observed on Sahara corridor, the reason for this that on this corridor many business activities take place in addition to that big shopping malls are located.
Average noise is highest on Dana corridor due small scale industries and their related traffic movement. Maximum buildings are on Thaw corridor, which greatly affects the noise produced by traffic. Maximum open spaces are available on Sahara corridor and thus Sahara corridor has minimum average noise produced. On all study corridors the maximum noise limits were ranging between (1 12-1 18) db which was almost 1. 5 times the permissible limits for commercial zone. The minimum noise level values were ranging between (69-78) db, which was still crossing permissible limits.
Average noise level values were between (92-98) db which was crossing permissible limits. Multiple linear regression analysis (MALL) was done for the combined effect of PUC, building height and open spaces. The regression was done by the help of ORIGIN Software. The noise levels were regressed against the different building heights and observed RE value was found 0. 81 . This is indicating fairly strong relationship between urban corridor noise and building height. When noise levels were regressed against the PICK, observed RE value was found 0. 77. This proves existence of direct relation between APPC and corridor noise level.
There is an inverse relationship between open space and noise level, with RE value 0. 60. On the basis of the experimental values, the major parameters PICK, building height and open space were regressed with noise level and regression model was built which is as follows. Y = 73. 99 +0. 05 XSL + – 0. 088 CB Where Y denotes noise recorded in decibels XSL denotes road PICK per minute XX denotes building height along the road side XX denotes open space for section considered This model has RE value 0. 6, which indicates good combined relationship of the three parameters upon noise.
If APPC and building height increases the noise increases, but when the open space increases the noise level decreases. When regression was done by keeping noise as dependent variable and building height, PICK as independent variable, the value offer obtained is 0. 80.