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Comparing the impact of pollution on the GAP growth in China (1980-2010) with the same development period in Norway Abstract: China has a rapidly soaring GAP growth from 1980 to 2012, which has had positive impacts. However, it has had negative impacts on the environment. This article is attempting to use data to compare the impact of pollution on GAP growth in China and in Norway to show how much pollution has been produced in China.
The author will use the data concerning nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, IMO to compare the air pollution in China with in Norway and use the data concerning organic water Laotian to compare the water pollution in China with in Norway. After the comparison, author will show the act of controlling pollution in Norway to make a number of suggestions to reduce the pollution in China. Introduction: In recent decades, China has a rapidly soaring GAP growth. Annual increases in GAP reach 8 to 9 percent each year.
Between 1990 and 2012, China increased its GAP from billion dollars to 4522 billion dollars on the World Development Indicators. With further GAP growth, most people living below one dollar per day will soon escape from poverty. Considering China’s strong GAP growth over the last 30 years, there is o doubt that it has had positive impacts on the improvement of social insurance, culture, technology and people’s living standard. However, it has had negative impacts on the environment. (World Bank, 2007) According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 3. 1 million deaths (5. % of total) and 50 million Disability-Adjusted Life Years (Dally) (3. 3%of total) were attributable to indoor and outdoor air quality in 2004. And 2. 8 million deaths (4. 9% of total) and million Disability-Adjusted Life Years (Dally) (7. 5% of total) were attributable to water quality in 2004 (WHO, 2013). Thus showing how water quality and air pollution as become serious problems in many developing countries. In China, pollution is also a serious problem. Images of megabits clouded by heavy fog and wastewater discharged into rivers have appeared in newspapers around the world (Bias, 2012).
According to data from WHO, there are over 2 million people who died in an environmental disease or 21% of the total in China in the year 2008. It would appear that there are over one fifth of deaths caused by the environment issue in China. In Norway, the death caused by the environmental disease in 2 just 7500 people and the percentage of the total is Just 14%, much lower than in China (WHO, 2013). Although CA is harmless and is not harmful to the human body, it is an important reason of the world climate change, Carbon dioxide emissions provides a necessary data to measure the pollution problem.
According to the investigation from the World Bank, the total energy consumption in China has increased 70% between 2000 and 2005 with the GAP growth rate touching 10% per year, causing a large number of carbon dioxide emissions. At the same time, there is much less carbon dioxide emissions in Norway, as regards the total carbon dioxide emissions and the carbon dioxide emissions per GAP (World Bank, 2007). Hence, a large challenge that the Chinese government should face is how to reduce the pollution with the high GAP growth.
It is certain that the Chinese government should do something not only to improve the national environment but also to be responsible for people’s health in China. China is larger than Norway in both area and population; it is scientific and objective to compare the pollution data in each GAP growth. As Norway is one of the best environmental protection countries in the world, this article’s aim is to compare the impact of pollution on GAP growth in China with in Norway, in order to use data to how how much pollution has China done and try to make suggestions to reduce pollution while developing the economy.
The GAP growth: China’s GAP is now fifteen times the size of Norway when converted at market exchange rates. However, in 1980 the China’s GAP is similar to the Norway. After Just three decades China’s GAP rocketed dramatically and at 2012 China plays an important role in the world’s economy field. As the graph 1 shows China’s GAP has increased gradually from 1980 to 1990. However, after 1990 it got a sharp boost. The Norway GAP has stabilized from 1980 to 2012. Graph [ 1 ] (This is the author’s own graph using data from WAD) In the graph 2, it shows why China has a much more rapidly soaring GAP growth than Norway.
It shows that the China’s GAP growth per year is always beyond the Norway and also more than 5%. But out of these graphs, there are many problems in China’s economy, such as the GAP per capita, the quality of GAP, the structure of GAP and the pollution. Graph [2] (This is the author’s own graph using data from WAD) High GAP growth is the important achievement of Chinese socialism. But the present situation is not optimistic. First tot all, GAP per cap a in China is also low and t quality level of GAP is poor. Secondly, the impact of pollution on GAP growth is negative.
Last but not least, the structure of GAP in China is not suitable (L, 2011). Both in China and Norway, there is an important problem that the consumption of energy per $1000 GAP. Due to the coal and oil both being non-renewable energy, the more consumption of energy in each $1000 GAP the less quality of the GAP growth. The energy consumption and GAP have a long-term equilibrium relationship during the process of China’s GAP growth, which shows that the data of energy use is effective in measuring China’s GAP growth (Hong, 2010).
In graph 3, it shows that China had a high-energy consumption in 1980, and then it decreased. However, it is still higher than Norway. Norway energy using per GAP is lower and it levels off, which shows Norway had a healthy economy growth. Graph [3] (This is the author’s own graph using data from WAD) In conclusion, both China and Norway had an increasing GAP growth from 1980 to 2012. China’s GAP increased much more rapidly than Norway as China’s annual GAP growth is higher than Norway. However, Norway GAP growth is healthier than China’s because the less energy consumption in Norway GAP growth.
The cost of pollution: Air pollution: According to the World Bank report, in China the damages caused by pollution consume 8% GAP, which equals to the annual growth of the country’s economy. Nine of ten cities have the worst air pollution of the world in China (World Bank, 2007). There is a connection to some lung diseases linked to China’s growing demand of vehicles, which emit increased nitrogen oxides (Knox) (Chemung and Heroic, 2002). Another reason in the north China is the overusing of the coal, which leads to a large umber of the carbon dioxide emissions (Chou and Tang, 2011).
The large number of carbon dioxide emissions is an important reason of the world climate change. IMO is a particular matter between 2. 5 to 10 micrometers in size, which is made by crushing and grinding rock and soil. In Northern China, excess land reclamation leads to water and soil loss. When wind blows, the IMO appears (Change, Tsar et al, 2001). 1 . Nitrogen oxides (Knox): In China, the nitrogen oxides emission in 2000 and 2005 were 12. 1 million ton and 19. 1 million ton. By 2030 the emissions would increase to 35. Million ton if who do tot control the emission (GHANA, 2008). The nitrogen oxides emission increased rapidly in China. The main reason of the rapidly soaring nitrogen oxides emission is the growing of the industry, electric power and transportation sectors which rose most rapidly. In Norway, the situation is quite different from the one in China. Graph 4 shows the total nitrogen oxides emissions in Norway from 1990 to 2007. The nitrogen oxides emissions increased gradually from 1990 19th, and then it went down rapidly.
Graph [4] (UN statistics Division, 2011) Because of the China’s GAP is higher than Norway which we have mentioned before, t is necessary to change the date to nitrogen oxides emissions per GAP to make a comparison. By comparing the data in the same year 2005, it shows a result that China’s nitrogen oxides emissions per GAP is fourteen times of Norway, at that time, the China’s GAP is Just seven times the size of Norway (In 2005, China’s nitrogen oxides emissions per GAP is 19. 1 and Norway nitrogen oxides emissions per GAP is 1. 33). 2.
Carbon dioxide (CA): Carbon dioxide is harmless; it acts as a blanket by retaining heat, which keeps the earth warm. However, as mentioned previously increased greenhouse gases especially carbon dioxide) emissions cause global warming, which leads to climate change and sea level rise. There is significant evidence that points to human activities, which burning fossil fuels plays an important role (Friendliest Bop et al, 2001). Graph 5 shows the carbon dioxide emissions per GAP. In China, the carbon dioxide emissions decreased gradually from 1980 to 2002, and then it levels off.
In Norway, the carbon dioxide emissions stabilize from 1980 to 2012 at a low level. Although in China the line of carbon dioxide emissions went down from 1980 to 2002, t is still at a high level concerning more than ten times of Norway. Graph [ 5] (This is the author’s own graph using data from WAD) 3. Particulate Matter the size between 2. 5 to 10 micrometers (IMO): Particulate Matter is a kind of solid or liquid particles found in the air. Some particles are big or dark enough that can be seen as soot or smoke by human eyes.
Others are so small that they can Just be found by microscope. The particulate matter that is between 2. 5 to 10 micrometers in size is called IMO. Particulate Matter is produced from the process of combustions and other type of particles is from the recess of construction. IMO does harmful to humans lung because it can be breathed deeply into lung (Donaldson, Machine, 2001). In graph 6, it shows two lines that stand for the country level of IMO in China and Norway. In China, the level of IMO decreased gradually foredoom to 2010.
However, the level is still high comparing with the one in Norway. In Norway, the level of IMO evens off in a low level concerning 20 micrograms per cubic meter.. Graph ] (This is the taut norm’s own graph using data trot Water pollution: Water pollution is a kind of pollution that large amounts of materials go into a water odd. The kinds of water pollutant are categorized as organic water pollution and inorganic water pollution. In this article, author is to discuss organic water pollution. Organic water pollution occurs when much organic matter enters the water.
When organic matters (such as fertilizer or sewage) increase in a pond, the number of algae will increase. These algae grow rapidly and use a great deal of oxygen during their growth, which leads to the death of animals in the pond as a lack of oxygen. In this situation, the environment of the pond has been changed, and after all beings’ death he algae become decaying, finally, the pond turn to a pond of “dead water” (Geol., 2006). In Graph 7, it shows the organic water pollutant per day per GAP in China and Norway. From 2003 to 2007, in China, the organic water pollutant is much more than the one in Norway.
Graph [ 7 ] (This is the author’s own graph using data from WAD) In conclusion, China has limited its pollution from 1980 to 2010 in both air pollution and water pollution. However, the level of pollution in China is still higher than the one in Norway. At the beginning of this article, the author has mentioned that the environmental protection in Norway is one of the best around the world. By comparing the pollution level in China with the one in Norway, it results that the impact of pollution on the GAP growth in China is negative and Chinese government has already begun to do something to reduce the pollution but not enough.
Each data per GAP concerning the pollutant shows that China may pollute too much while the GAP has got a rapidly soaring. By comparing the date per GAP in China and the one in Norway, it shows that China’s industry and transportation could improve the technology to reduce both air pollutant and water pollutant. Norwegian pollution control act: In this part, the author will show a number of acts concerning pollution control. In part 3 of this article, it shows a number of data concerning the air pollution and the water pollution.
In this part, the author will focus on the act concerning the air pollution and the water pollution. In Norway, there are a number of specific acts to rule national people’s activities for controlling the pollution. According to Act of 13 March 1981 No. 6 Concerning Protection against Pollution and Concerning Waste, there are a great deal of efforts to reduce the pollution and to improve the environment. And it shows that the purpose of the act is to ensure the quality of the environment is satisfactory, so that the pollution would not lead to something negative detects to human health or damage to the natural environment.
All the efforts are made to prevent any increase of pollution and to reduce any pollution that has already occurred. This Act also provides that the costs of preventing or reducing pollution shall be paid by the person who has the responsibility for the pollution (Elevated, 2013). In author’s opinion, Norwegian government acts as a supervisor to prevent or limit he pollution and to make a Judgment who should take the responsibility for the pollution. It is efficiency that everyone and each factory have a norm to avoid pollution problems. Conclusion: Both China and Norway had an increasing GAP growth from 1980 to 2012.
China’s GAP increased more rapidly than Norway. China’s annual GAP growth in each year is always higher than Norway. However, from 2011 to 2012, China’s GAP growth is slowing. On the other hand, Norway annual GAP growth increased from 2011 to 2012. As the less energy consumption in Norway GAP growth, Norway GAP growth is healthier than China’s. In the situation that both China and Norway had an increasing GAP growth, Norway does much better than China in preventing and reducing pollution. China has limited its pollution from 1980 to 2010 in both air pollution and water pollution.
However, the level of pollution in China is still higher than the one in Norway. In the situation of water pollution, China has a great deal of problems. Norwegian government has published a number of acts to control pollution while the country is already the one of the best environmental protection countries in the world. The Norwegian government acts as a supervisor to prevent or limit the illusion, which is efficiency that everyone and each factory have a norm to avoid Chinese government should ensure the responsibility for pollution to pay the costs of preventing and reducing pollution by law.