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First of all, in this course, we are going to look at people in social situations. So what does that mean? That means, how people interact with other people. That’s the simplest way to explain this course. And we’re going to discuss some of the theory and the research that explains all of this. K, but before I go any further, let me make one point very clear: the main objective of this course is to help you to become more interested in the field of social psychology and to prepare you for more studies in this field. That is my hope. K? So I think by now everyone has had a chance to have a look at the syllabus. Yeah?
You saw it on my Web site, right? So, I think that you get the picture that… That I’m going to expect a lot from you in this social psychology class. So will go over the syllabus now, K? First, let’s talk about the readings. I’ll assign new readings each class period, and the reading assignments are going to come from the textbook. You should complete the assigned readings by the date I give you. That’s simple. You get the assignments, and then you do the reading. Now, the lectures: I’m going to give a lecture in each of my classes. And during my lectures, I’m going to expand on the ideas that you read about in your textbooks.
So, for example, I might explain something that you read about in the assignment, or I might give you another example that wasn’t in the reading. Now, want to point out, and this is pretty important, that my lectures will also include information that you wont see in the readings. Theft right. My lectures will sometimes have new information. So guess what? You have to come to class. Uh-huh. All right, the discussions: The discussions?class discussions, our discussions?are an important aspect of this course. During our discussions, I will welcome your questions and comments anytime you want to say something. Anytime.
You should feel free to contribute your own ideas and your own opinions. But but, for . For this to work, you have to be willing to let the other students do the same. Meaning that we . .. We… All listen to each other. All of us. That’s the deal in here. Oh, and by the way, I just want to say, you don’t have to agree with me. But whenever you do express your opinion, you do have to show me that you understand the ideas we’re talking about in class. So, what I’m saying is, these discussions should show how you think about ideas in the readings and the ideas you hear in the lectures and discussions, and also what you think about hem.
You get the picture? Now, what about your grade? Know you want to know this information. All right. Your grade consists mostly of quizzes and exams. For quizzes, you’ll be able to use your lecture notes, so attending class and taking good notes is going to be the key to your success in this class. For exams, you will not be able to use your notes. So, no notes for exams. I’ll explain about the class presentation and the two opinion . And the two, , two . Excuse me opinion papers later in the semester. We don’t need to get into that right now. All right. You saw on the syllabus that attendance is also going to BEA a gig component in this class.
But let me talk about that right now. Attendance means you have to attend class regularly, but not just come to class. You have to participate in class discussions. So, what I’m saying is your participation, whatever it is, is going to affect your grade. K? So far, so good? Now, I know this seems like a lot, but it’s really pretty simple. My expectations are that you come to class, turn your work in when it’s due, share your ideas, listen to others, and … And do the readings, and you will do fine in this class. No problem. K? All right. That’s enough for our first day.
I will see you next time, and we will discuss chapter one in your textbooks. So, there’s your first reading assignment?chapter one! K? Chapter 1: Student Presentation 1 Good morning, everyone. Let me tell you a little bit about myself. My name is Named Slim. I am from Cairo in Egypt, and am an International Relations major. This is my first year at this university, and this is my first Psychology class. Am interested in other cultures, so that’s why I am taking this class. Social Psychology is interesting. It’s uh, it’s interesting because I’ve traveled to many different countries, like you know in Europe, and last year I traveled to the
United States. I saw so many new things. I love to understand why people do things. And so, I think this class would help me understand more. After reading the syllabus and listening to Professor Lindsey explain it, I am excited, but know this class will be difficult. One thing that is going to be difficult is the reading component. There is a lot of reading. It seems interesting, but there’s a lot to read. I am excited that participation is so important because I love to talk about ideas and learn about what other people think. … Think that’s it. Look forward to meeting all of you.
Thank you. Chapter 1: Student presentation 2 Good morning, everyone. Let me tell you a little about myself. My name is Named Slim, and am from Cairo in Egypt, and I am an International Relations major. This is my, uh, this is my fritterers at this university. And this is my first Psychology class. Am interested in other cultures, so that’s why I’m taking this class. Social Psychology is interesting because I’ve traveled to so many different coo entries, like you know in Europe. And last year I traveled to the United States. Saw so many new things. I love to understand why people do things.
So, think this class will help me to understand more. Excited. But I know this class will be a little difficult. One thing that’s going to be difficult is the reading component. There is a lot to read. It seems important because I love to talk about ideas and to hear other people’s ideas. Think that’s it. I look forward to meeting all of you. Thank you. Chapter 2: Lecture Hello, everyone. Good to see you all. Are you ready to begin? Great. Great. In this class, we’ve been looking at the behavior of people, and especially looking at how their behavior is affected by the place they live in.
I’d like to continue this in today’s lecture. Today, I’d like to talk about a study that was done to assure the pace of life. The study compares different cities around the world and asks the question, “How and why do different places in the world have different paces of life? As you probably know, pace tends to be part of how we describe the atmosphere of the place. If you’ve traveled a bit, or read about life in different places, you know that the pace of life differs in different cultures and places. Right? But why are some places “faster” than others? What exactly are the factors that make up the differences in pace of life?
Before we discuss this question, I want to make sure that we all have the name idea about the meaning of pace of life. By pace of life I mean the speed at which life is lived or business is carried out. K? Let me get that up for you. So, what specific characteristics of places and cultures make them slow or fast? One social psychologist, a fellow named Robert Levine, a professor at California State University in Fresno, California, created a study that allowed researchers to analyze some data, some numbers, that could accurately define the pace of life of a place.
He wanted to know the answer to this question, ‘What makes a place have a slow or fast pace? ” Here’s how he and his researchers went about it. They analyzed and compared 31 different cities around the world. They looked at three different factors. Let me put them up here so you can follow. What is the average walking speed of the place? To measure that, he randomly selected people, both men and women, and watched the speed at which they walked in crowded, downtown areas. He watched them as they walked a distance of 60 feet, or about 20 meters. Second, he looked at speed in the workplace. Now, he did this in an interesting way.
He went to post offices all around the world. Yes, that’s right, post offices. And he measured how long it took a postal clerk to sell someone stamp. They measured the time that passed between when a clerk received the money and the customer received the stamp. They looked at how much time that took. K? Are you with me so far? Yeah? K. The third thing he looked at was how interested a place was in keeping accurate time on clocks. So, the researchers went to 15 randomly chosen banks and looked at their clocks. Then they compared the time on these clocks to the time reported by the phone company.
You know what I mean, when you call the phone company to learn the time of day from a recorded voice. That time is considered to be very accurate. So, the researchers looked at these factors during the workday in 31 different cities around the world to get a specific idea of pace. By looking at these factors, the researchers came up with a rating of overall pace of life?the overall sense of time urgency. Lets look at a few highlights from this survey. The survey, by the way, was conducted in the late sass, so there may be some changes from what we would find in the same countries today. K. In the “fastest” category, Switzerland is in first place with high ranking in all three areas. Their clock accuracy ranked first. Then comes Ireland and Germany. And Japan came in fourth. Really, these top four countries were all very similar. It’s look now at places where life is slow. The slowest countries were all non- industrialized countries, meaning there is not much industry, not many factories producing products. You can see here that they are from the Middle East, Syria; Asia, Indonesia; and Latin America: El Salvador, Brazil, and finally Mexico.
So, what are the common factors in the countries at the top and those at the bottom of the list? For these experiments and other studies, the researchers found five main factors that affect the pace of life in cultures around the oral. Lets look at those. People tend to move faster in places with vital economies?lots of money changing hands; a high degree of industrialization?lots of companies; larger populations?many, many people; cooler climates, not the hot ones; and cultures that value individualism versus valuing the group. Interesting, don’t you think?
Unfortunately, we can’t get into this discussion now. We’ll talk about these details in the next class. All right? Chapter 2: Student Presentation 1 Good morning, everyone. I measured the pace of walking in two neighborhoods. I want to tell you about the two places I visited in Boston, Massachusetts. I compared the neighborhood called Brookline and the neighborhood called Financial District. The atmosphere in uh Brookline is very quiet. And the atmosphere in the financial district is very busy and crowded?a lot Of houses, a lot Of people, a lot Of offices, and a lot Of, urn, traffic. Here is how I do my research.
I sat on a bench for 30 minutes, and watched the people walk the distance of one block. I used a stopwatch on my phone to measure how long it took people to walk from the beginning to the end of the block. The um people in both places were old, were young and uh men, and omen. And where’re my results: Jim, in the quiet neighborhood the average of walking the one block was um 46 seconds. And in the, quiz? downtown neighborhood, the average time of walking the one block was less. It was uh 36 seconds. Chapter 2: Student Presentation 2 Massachusetts. The first neighborhood is called Brookline.
The second neighborhood is called Financial District. The atmosphere in the financial district is very crowded and busy because there is a lot of stores, traffic, a lot of offices, and a lot of people. This is how did my research. Sat on a bench for 30 minutes, and I watched people walk one block. Used the stopwatch on my phone to measure the amount of time it took to walk from the beginning to the end of the block. All the people in both places were young, old, men, and women. Here are my results: In the quiet neighborhood the average of walking one block was 42 seconds. In the downtown neighborhood it took less.
It was 36 seconds. Chapter 3: Practice Lecture Introduction 1 Good. Good. K. Today’s a busy day so lets go ahead and get started. Our topic today is software innovation. Software. So that could be new ideas in music software or game software, many kinds of software. This is a very hot topic. We’re going to discuss a few examples of business software innovation, so that means banking software, spreadsheet software, that sort footing. NC if we have time, some of the new stock trading software. Introduction 2 Come on in everyone, take your seats. I wanted to get started as soon as possible. K. Lees get back to our discussion of product innovation. What want to talk about today is product innovation in the world of new cars. Sound K? Good. I’m going to cover some of the basic developments in the history of car innovation, and then I’ll cover some of the latest developments n European car innovation. So we’ll travel to Germany and Italy today, too. Sound like fun? K. Let’s get started. Introduction 3 All right. As said last time?when was last time? Oh, one week ago already? Wow! K. As I said last time, today we’re going to discuss innovations in the food world. Hint it’s very useful to know how food companies get their ideas and then design their new products. So, even if you have no interest in food, you’re going to learn a lot about product innovation. So, first we’ll look at a list of some of the top food companies in the country, and then we’ll look at two impasses that are doing some very interesting innovative things with their packaging designs. Chapter 3: Lecture All right. I think everyone is here, so I’m going to go ahead and get started. Let’s go back to our discussion of business innovation. Yesterday was explaining that in business there are many types of innovation.
We said, remember, there’s product innovation, there’s innovation in business organization, of course there’s marketing innovation, and there are other types of innovation. K? Well, today, I want to talk about product innovation. That means how businesses come up with ideas for new products. First, we’ll talk about innovation in the 21 SST century in general. Then I’ll tell you about some qualities that successful_Jell innovators share and give you two good examples. In the past, um, businesses got a lot of their new ideas because something they did was a surprise or mistake.
Innovation was something they didn’t plan at all. It was just luck. We all know that times have changed in the 21st century. It’s not enough for companies to depend on luck to develop new products and compete successfully in global markets. In fact, the research shows us that the best companies make innovation a large part of their equines. That means they spend a lot of their money on innovation. And that is exactly the opposite of waiting for luck to happen, right? Let’s step it up now. Want to point out one thing that these innovative companies have in common, one thing that they all have, and that is courage.
Courage. What I’m saying is these companies aren’t afraid to take risks. These companies are constantly trying new ideas, and even though they know they know that many of their ideas are going to fail, the business experts say that these companies “make their own luck. ” They make their own luck. They are sis-takers, to put it simply. So, let’s take a look at a couple of successful, innovative companies, meaning companies that are creating new products and are doing well. A great example for us to talk about is Apple Computers. Apple Computers. Apple is a company, a computer company in California.
Maybe you’ve heard of them. A while ago, they came up with the idea to make a totally new product, a digital music player that was small and easy to use?the pod. Steve Jobs?he was the CEO of Apple?Steve Jobs realized it wasn’t enough to create a fun little machine for music. People still needed a reason to buy it. So, he asked his company to think outside the box. He wanted his people to come up with a way for customers to use this little machine to get music out of their computers and the Internet. Then, they could listen to the music on their pod everywhere they went?at home, school, at the gym, and so on.
Um, at the time, everybody said this was impossible because nobody had ever done this before. Well, Apple got to work and solved all the technical and legal problems, and today the pod earns over one billion dollars a year for Apple. So, again, it’s that courage to take a risk and try something completely ewe. Lees move on because there’s a second important characteristic of today’s innovative companies, and that is, that they think about their product In a new way. When they do this kind of thinking, they also invent a new market. And Of course, that means, you got it, higher profits. Are you with me so far?
Good? A great example of this is Cataracts. You guys know Cataracts, right? The coffee stores around the world. I just went to Cataracts in China, as a matter of fact. Cataracts was looking for a way to get new customers, and they wanted a way to make customers stay in the store longer. And what else? Spend more money. That’s when they started thinking outside of the box. They realized that their stores could be more than a place where people buy cup of coffee. They thought, they thought about what people do in their free time, and they realized that people spend a lot of time on the Internet.
Everybody knows that Cataracts thought people might like to do it outside Of their house, where they could maybe meet new people. They started to provide wireless Internet service in their coffee shops. I’ve got to point out that Cataracts can’t say for sure that their profits went up after this change, but they did find out that customers who use the Internet at Cataracts stay in the store nine times longer than customers who just drink coffee there. So probably they spend more money at Cataracts, too. It’s an example of how a totally new idea can change a business.
In this case, they thought of a product in a new, and some people say, a strange, way. A way no one had ever thought about. Well, I see we’ve run out of time. Let’s pick up tomorrow. Chapter 3: Student Presentation 1 Today will talk about a company called Skullcap’s. Skullcap’s is a company that started in 2003 in Utah in the United States. Skullcap’s makes headphones for listening to music. Skullcap’s made an important innovation to backpacks?You know backpacks used to be just one big bag that you put everything in?books, electronics, music players.
It’s easy to lose small things inside. Skullcap’s wanted to solve this problem for the customers. So they integrated the electronics with backpack?that means they put them together. So Skullcap’s started making a backpack that can control your cellophane or your music player by just touching a strap. They also put speakers into the backpack so you could listen to music. Skullcap’s solved this problem because with this backpack you don’t have to search for your phone or music player. You just touch the strap. Electronics and backpacks are not separate. That’s their innovation.
Chapter 3: Student Presentation 2 Good morning. Let me ask you a question: How many of you have a backpack? K. Raise your hand if you carry electronics like a computer, cell phone, or music player in your backpack. K. So, I see everybody has one of these in their backpack. You’ll be very interested in the company researched and their innovation. The company is called Skullcap’s. Skullcap’s is a company that makes products like headphones for listening to music. Skullcap’s is a company that was, that first started in Utah in 2003 in the Ignited States.
Skullcap’s made an important innovation to backpacks?You know back? backpacks used to be just one big bag that you put everything in?books, electronics, and other stuff. It’s easy to lose small things inside. So Skullcap’s solved this problem. They integrated the backpack with electronics?that means they put them together. So Skullcap’s started making a backpack that lets people control their cell phone or music player b) just touching a strap. They also put speakers into the backpack so you could listen to music if you like.
Skullcap’s solved a problem because with this backpack you don’t have to search through your bag to make a phone call or listen to music. You just touch the strap. Electronics and backpacks are not separate. That their innovation. Chapter 4: Practice Lecture Yes, it’s definitely time to start. The clock is ticking, and there’s a lot of material to cover. Let me remind you, we have a test next Thursday. K? All right. Now, our topic today is a case study of Levies. Did everyone get that? Levies, the international brand of blue jeans and, of course, other casual clothes. But everyone knows Levies for their jeans. All right.