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Even the former Miss America, Erik Harold, did not escape the rash realities of bullying (Pollock, 2006). What Is bullying? Bullying is defined as type of aggression intended to harm and/or intimidate others through verbal and physical actions. There are two types of bullying: direct and Indirect. Direct Bullying Direct bullying is when the bully confronts the victim face to face. Examples of direct bullying would include relatively open attacks on the victim (Been, 2006). A child, who is punched, kicked, slapped, called nasty names in the lunch line, refused a seat on the bus, or threatened in the bathroom is the victim of direct bullying.
Indirect bullying, the bully systematically undermines the victim’s reputation by spreading rumors and malicious gossip with the intent of ruining the victim’s social standing. This type of bullying can be difficult to stop because the identity of the person responsible for the bullying may never be discovered. Girls are more apt to utilize these more subtle indirect strategies, whereas boys are more likely to engage In direct bullying. ( Pollock, 2006). What are the effects of bullying? Bullying can have serious implications for the victims and the bullies themselves.
Bullying has been linked to anger, aggression, violence, hyperactivity, absenteeism, poor academic performance, low-self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and suicidal attempts. Harassment and bullying have been linked to 75% of school-shootings and 30% of teen suicides (Been, 2006). Like these statistics, bullying is not limited by gender and socio-economic status. (Pollock, 2006). However, at the core of this epidemic there Lies a student group that seems to be greatly affected: lesbian, gay. Bisexual, and transgender (LIGHT) students.
In a survey conducted by the National Mental Health Association, students reported that their peers were most often bullied because of their appearance, but the next top reason was because students were gay or perceived to be gay (Pollock, 2006). According to the Gay Lesbian and Straight Education Network 2007 National School Climate Survey, more than 6,000 students revealed that nine out of ten LIGHT youth reported being verbally harassed at school in the past year because of their sexual orientation (Mason, 2006).
Federal government reports that openly gay and lesbian students are at a greater risk of Ewing physically harassed followed by another quarter who reported actually being physically assaulted by other students. In addition, students identified as LIGHT teens 1 OFF being bullied due to their sexual orientation (Blackburn, Clark, & Gardner, 2009). About 28 percent of LIGHT youth feel forced to drop out of school altogether. Moreover, LIGHT adolescents are more than twice as likely as their straight peers to be depressed and contemplate suicide (Pollock, 2006).
Suicide is the number one killer of teens between the ages of 14-18 and current headlines seem to substantiate this lain. The many faces and stories linger, as the media spotlights youth’s fatal response to anti-gay bullying(Emigre, 2007). The nation mourns the loss of young teens who have chosen a permanent solution to end their bullying – suicide. Billy Lucas, Asher Brown, Seth Walsh, Jamie Roadrunner, Rachel Meyer, Amanda Cummings and Tyler Clement are examples of some of the victims. Although each of their situations may have been slightly different, the common thread that connects these youth was they all experienced bullying.
Even such violent school massacres such as Columbine and Virginia Tech have been linked to bullying (CNN,2011). Tragedies, such as these, have heightened the concern over targeted bullying and discrimination towards gay youth (Been, 2006). What are the warning signs of bullying? There are many warning signs that may indicate that someone is affected by bullying ;either being bullied or bullying others. Recognizing the warning signs is an important first step in taking action against bullying. Not all children who are bullied or who are bullying others ask for help( Draper, 2010).
Some signs that may point to bullying problem are unexplainable injuries; lost or destroyed clothing, books, electronics, or Jewelry; frequent headaches or stomach aches, feeling sick or faking illness; changes in eating habits, like suddenly skipping meals or binge eating; kids may come home from school hungry because they did not eat lunch; difficulty sleeping or frequent nightmares; declining grades, loss of interest in schoolwork or not wanting to go to school; sudden loss of friends or avoidance of social situations; feelings of helplessness or decreased self-esteem; and/or self-destructive behaviors such as running away from home, harming themselves, or discussions of harming themselves or other( Draper, 2010).
How to Preventing Bullying? Parents, school staff, and other caring adults have a role to play in preventing bullying. Bullies are made and not born. As a result, family, school, and the community have to work together to resolve the situations that create children who bully (Stultifying. Gob, 2010). Families have the first responsibility, as they are the initial environment that can encourage or discourage aggressive behavior. First, implies have to teach their children how to not be a victim. Parents need to teacher their children self-respect. Confident people are less likely to be targeted by bullies. They need to let their kids know it is okay to express anger.
Kids have to know it is also okay to stand up for themselves and have opinions. Parents can teach their kids to project assertive body language, including relaxing the body, keeping hands steady, and maintaining frequent eye contact (Mason, 2008). It is also important to encourage friendships so kids can develop supportive peer groups and build social skills. Teaching kids to express themselves diplomatically can also help them to keep their friendships strong. Schools can promote bullying awareness and implement programs that can raise awareness of bullying by providing professional development for staff and examining what has been successful for other schools.