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The enzyme will bond to the substrate’s active site. When the substrate, or reactant and the enzyme bind the ending result is known as the product of the chemical reaction. While an enzyme speeds up a reaction, it is not necessary for a chemical reaction to take place. The reaction will still occur, but at a much slower rate. (Johnson) Considering that enzymes are proteins, they have tertiary structures. Certain factors can render this enzyme useless. These factors include, heat, pH and salinity. When enzymes have been denatured, their tertiary structures have been changed.
These denatured enzymes will no longer fit into the active site of their correlating substrate. (Johnson) There two parts to this experiment. The first part of the experiment was broken into three sections. The first section showed the pH and color changes that an enzyme can create. It was predicted that when potato extract, the enzyme, was added to catechist, the substrate, an enzymatic reaction would occur. The second section of the experiment demonstrated enzyme specificity. It was predicted that potato extract, when hydrogenous was introduced, would not exhibit the characteristics of an enzymatic reaction.
The third section of part one focused on whether or not concentration matters. It was predicted that the more enzyme the more intense the reaction. The second part of the experiment concentrated on the effects of pH and temperature on an enzymatic reaction. It was predicted that once a solution containing both a substrate and an enzyme reached a certain temperature or pH content, it would not facilitate a chemical reaction Methods: In part one, section one, one test tube had 10 drops of potato extract and ten drops catechist. A different test tube contained only ten drops of catechist for control purposes.
After a period of five minutes two drops from each test tube were tested for their pH and recorded. Color change was also observed and recorded. In part one, section two, one test tube contained ten drops potato extract and ten drops hydrogenous. Another test tube contained only ten drops of hydrogenous as a control. After 5 minutes two drops from each test tube were tested for their pH and recorded. Color change was also observed and recorded. In part one, section three, 5 test tubes were labeled A-E. Test Tube A contained 5 drops of distilled water, 10 drops of catechist and 5 drops of potato extract.
Test Tube B contained 10 drops of distilled water, 5 drops of catechist, and 10 drops of potato extract. Test Tube C contained 5 drops of potato extract and 20 drops catechist. Test Tube D contained 5 drops of distilled water, 20 drops of potato extract and 5 drops of catechist. Test Tube E contained 10 drops potato extract, 4 drops of catechist and 2 drops of water. After 5 minutes two drops from each tube were tested for their pH and results recorded. Any color changes were also In part two of the experiment two test tubes contained 15 drops of catechist.
Ten test tubes contained 15 drops of catechist and 20 drops of potato extract. 5 of those test tubes (A-E) went into 5 separate water baths of varying temperatures. Tube A went into a O degree C water bath. Tube B went into a 20 degree C water bath. Tube C was placed in a 55 degree C water bath. Tube D was placed in an 85 degree C water bath. Tube E was placed in a 100 degree C water bath. We waited for each of the test tubes to reach their designated temperature plus 5 minutes. After that waiting period passed, two drops of each tube was tested for its pH and the results were recorded.
Any color changes were also recorded. The remaining 5 tubes (1-5) had solutions of varying pH concentrations added to them. Tube 1 had 15 drops of a solution with a pH of 2 added to the existing solution of 15 drops of catechist and 20 drops of potato. Tube 2 had 15 drops off solution with a pH of 5 added to the existing solution. Tube 3 had 15 drops of a solution with a pH of 8 added to the existing solution. Tube 4 had 15 drops of a solution with a pH of 10 added to the existing solution. Tube 5 had 15 drops of a solution with a pH of 12 added to the existing solution.
After 5 minutes had eased, two drops from each test tube were tested for its pH and recorded. Any color changes were also recorded. Results: In part one, section one, the UN-catcalled test tube did not exhibit any changes in color or PH. It started with a pH of 6 and ended with the same PH. The color started as clear and remained so after five minutes. The catcalled test tube went from an initial pH of 6 and a clear color to a pH of 5 and an amber color after five minutes. In part one, section two, the test tube containing potato extract and hydrogenous did not have any changes to its pH or its color after five minutes.