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The statement of cash flows answers the following questions about cash: (a) Where did the cash come from during the period? H) What was the cash used for during the period? And (c) What was the change in the cash balance during the period? 3. The three activities are: Operating activities include the cash effects of transactions that create revenues and expenses and thus enter into the determination Of net income. Investing activities include: (a) purchasing and disposing of investments and productive long-lived assets and (b) lending money and collecting loans.
Financing activities include: (a) obtaining cash from issuing debt and repaying amounts borrowed and (b) obtaining cash from stockholders, repurchasing shares, and paying them dividends. . (a) Major sources of cash in a statement of cash flows include cash from operations; issuance of debt; collection of loans; issuance of capital stock; sale of investments; and the sale of property, plant, and equipment. (b) Major uses of cash include purchase of inventory, payment of cash dividends; redemption of debt; purchase of investments; making loans; redemption to capital stock; and the purchase of property, plant, and equipment, S.
The statement of cash flows presents investing and financing activities 50 that even nachos transactions of an investing and financing nature are disclosed in the financial statements. If they affect financial conditions significantly, the FAST requires that they be disclosed in either a separate schedule at the bottom of the statement of cash flows or in a separate note or supplementary schedule to the financial statements. 6.
Examples of significant nachos activities are: (1) issuance of stock for assets, (2) conversion Of bonds into common stock, (3) issuance Of bonds or notes for assets, and (4) nachos exchanges of property, plant, and equipment. 7. Comparative balance sheets, a current income statement, and certain transaction data all provide information necessary for preparation Of the tenement of cash flows. Comparative balance sheets indicate how assets, liabilities, and equities have changed during the period. A current income statement provides information about the amount of cash provided or used by operations.
Certain transactions provide additional detailed information needed to determine how cash was provided or used during the period. 8. (a) The phases of the corporate life cycle are the introductory phase, growth phase, maturity phase, and decline phase. (b) During the introductory phase, cash from operations and investing would be expected to be negative, and cash from financing would be positive, Questions Chapter 12 (Continued) During the growth phase, a company would be expected to show some small amounts of cash from operations while continuing to show negative cash from investing and positive cash from financing.
During the maturity phase, cash from operations, investing, and financing would all be expected to be positive while in the decline phase, cash from operations and investing would continue to be positive While cash from financing would be negative. 9. Tootsie Roll has positive cash from operations that exceeds its net income. Cash from operations exceeded its investing needs and it retired shares of stock ND paid dividends. Tootsie Roll appears to be in the middle to late maturity phase. 10.
The advantage of the direct method is that it presents the major categories of cash receipts and cash payments in a format that is similar to the income statement and tamari to statement users. Its principal disadvantage is that the necessary data can be expensive and time-consuming to accumulate. The advantage of the indirect method is it is often considered easier to prepare, and it provides a reconciliation of net income to net cash provided by operating activities It also tends to reveal less company information to competitors.
Its primary disadvantage is the difficulty in understanding the adjustments that comprise the reconciliation. Both methods are acceptable but the PASS expressed a preference for the direct method. Yet, the indirect method is the overwhelming favorite of companies. II . When total cash inflows exceed total cash outflows, the excess is identified as a “net increase in cash” near the bottom of the statement of cash flows. 12. The indirect method implies converting accrual net income to net cash provided by operating activities. This is done by starting with accrual net income and adjusting for items that do not affect cash.
Examples of adjustments include depreciation and other nachos expenses, gains and losses on the sale of nonoccurrence assets, and changes in the balances of current asset and current liability accounts from one period to the next 13. It is necessary to convert accrual-based net income to cash-basis income because the unadjusted net income includes items that do not provide or use cash. An example would be an increase in accounts receivable. If accounts receivable increased during the period, revenues reported on the accrual basis would be higher than the actual cash revenues received.
Thus, accrual-basis net income must be adjusted to reflect the net cash provided by operating activities. AAA number of factors could have caused an increase in cash despite the net loss. These are (1) high cash revenues relative to low cash expenses; (2) sales of property, plant, and equipment; (3) sales Of investments; (4) issuance Of debt or capital stock, and (5) differences between cash and accrual accounting, e. G. Depreciation. 15. Depreciation expense. Gain or loss on sale off nonoccurrence asset. Increase/decrease in accounts receivable. Increase,’decrease in inventory. Increase/decrease in accounts payable. 16.
Under the indirect method, depreciation is added back to net income to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities because depreciation is an expense but not a cash payment. 17. The statement of cash flows is useful because it provides information to the investors, creditors, and other users about: (I) the company’s ability to generate future cash flows, (2) the company’s ability to pay dividends and meet obligations, (3) the reasons for the difference between net income and net cash provided by operating activities, and (4) the cash and nachos financing and investing transactions during the period. . This transaction is reported in the note or schedule entitled “Nachos investing and financing activities” as follows: “Retirement Of bonds payable through issuance of common stock, $1 , 700,000. ” 19. (a) The current ratio is an accrual-based ratio that measures liquidity while the current cash debt coverage ratio is a cash. Based ratio that measures liquidity. (b) Solvency can be measured by the debt to total assets ratio (accrual- based) or the cash debt coverage ratio (cash-based). *20. Net cash provided by operating activities under the direct approach is the difference between cash revenues and cash expenses.
The direct approach adjusts the revenues and expenses directly to reflect the cash basis. This results in cash net income, which is equal to “net cash provided by operating activities. ” accounts receivable Revenues from sales -?? Increase in accounts receivable + Decrease in I(a) I Cash receipts from customers = I * Increase in inventory (b) I Purchases = Cost Of goods sold I – Decrease in inventory + Decrease in accounts payable Cash payments to suppliers = Purchases – Increase in accounts payable *22. Sales 52000. 000 Add: Decrease in accounts receivables 100,000 Cash receipts from customers $2, 100,000 23.