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Similarities and difference between Hinduism and Buddhism. Buddhism believes in the process of reincarnation based on deeds of the present life. Hinduism also believes that everyone is a part of an impersonal world and therefore, one’s soul reincarnates into another body of any being, based on the deeds of the present life. One has to work for salvation oneself and therefore, cannot blame others for the same. The salvation depends on the good deeds of a person. In Hinduism also, one attains salvation as per one’s own fate and deeds.
Both of them believe that there are many paths to attain enlightenment such as overcoming through your feelings and desires and controlling over the six conscious senses. Both the schools of thought believe that excessive attachment to things and people in the physical world causes pain and suffering. Therefore, we must get ourselves free from the illusions of ‘Maya’ or worldly desires. Both of them gives an emphasis on the practice of meditation and other forms of yoga, which not only helps one to concentrate on the truth of life, but also facilitates the path of enlightenment and liberation. The Hindus believe in 300,000 Gods.
Buddhism do follow some rituals but only in the form of meditation, and bowing and different forms of worship while offering prayer in the Buddhist temples. Buddhist practices also do not require any priests. The rituals, being followed by the Hindus are more complex and vary from birth to death of a person. Besides, priests do play important role in all the rituals. The Buddhists do not believe in the stages of life. People can join any of the stages any time depending upon their spiritual preparedness. The Hindus believe in the four stages of life What impact has a religious or spiritual tradition had on your life.
I would have to say my parents. They are both Christians and raised me and my brother and sister as Christians. I was baptized and have attended church throughout the years. I have also gone to youth group and to youth camp. We do family devotions. My dad tries to get us all together at night. It is hard we all play sports or do other activities and sometimes we are tired. I like what the devotions say it is just I don’t always want to sit there and do it. I believe in God, it is just sometimes I have a hard time doing what I know I should do.
Read the subsection on Mesopotamia and write two or three sentences to summarize it. All the Mesopotamian civilizations to follow – Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian – adopted Sumerian culture and made it their own. The Sumerians were the originators whom everyone copied. In addition to creating the first forms of writing, the Sumerians invented the plow, the wheel, and used bronze tools. Their impact was so great that we feel it today when we hear about the Great Flood. The Amorites were better known as Babylonians – named after the city they founded in central Mesopotamia called Babylon.
Babylon became the most well-known city in all of Mesopotamia. The most famous king of the Babylonians was one of its earliest kings Hammurabi. Define or describe each of the following key terms from this section. Civilization- A complex culture in which large numbers of people share basic elements, such as a social structure, religion, and art. Patriarchal- Society in Mesopotamia was dominated by men. Circle the letter of the word that has the closet meaning to the boldface academic vocabulary words from this lesson. 1. A system of codes helped maintain order in early civilizations.
C. regulations 2. Early civilizations focused on what the leaders believed were important goals for maintain their social structure. A. concentrated Egypt and Divine Kingship Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower Nile River. Egyptian civilization began around 3150 BC. Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh. The history of ancient Egypt occurred in a series of stable Kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods: the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom.
Egypt reached a high of its power during the New Kingdom. Egypt was conquered by a succession of foreign powers in this late period. Egyptian monarchs had many titles, but the most common was pharaoh, which means “great house” or “palace. ” 1. How did King Solomon Help Jerusalem become the capital of Israel? Under King Solomon the Israelites established control over all Palestine. Jerusalem became the capital of a united kingdom known as Israel. He expanded the government and encouraged trade. He is known for building the temple in Jerusalem. 2. How did Judaism give Jews strength?
Judaism became a stateless religion. They believed God was not fixed to one place; he was lord of the whole world. It helped them maintain an identity as a people even though they did not have a state. 3. What Jewish beliefs are parts of Western tradition? Human beings are separate from nature and must struggle against it; human beings have a particular relationship to a supreme being, who watches over them. 4. How was Judaism unique among ancient religions of western Asia and Egypt? Asia and Egypt believed in many Gods. Judaism was monotheistic, being one God.
It gave all people not just a ruler or priest, access to God. Judaism ??? People of Judah were Jews and their religion was called Judaism. Monotheistic ??? Belief in one God. Covenant – A contract with God’s people when lead out of bondage. Prophets ??? Religious teachers used by God to speak to his people. Ancient India Cast System and Hinduism/Buddhism will be covered. Cast System ??? Social and religious classification based on discrimination Hinduism ??? Religion whose followers believe in karma and reincarnation. Buddhism ??? Religion with a goal of achieving wisdom. Networks – Extended family used in caste system.
Ancient China 1. In what way was the “mandate from Heaven” a powerful ruling force? This political belief said that a ruler was the ruler because Heaven had given the mandate. 2. How did the beliefs of Confucius indirectly support the “Mandate from Heaven”? He believed people were naturally good and every person could acquire knowledge and virtue if you had a virtuous leader. He believed in obedience to superiors. Confucianism ??? It was the same thing. He believed people were naturally good and every person could acquire knowledge and virtue if you had a virtuous leader.
He believed in obedience to superiors. Core – In Chinese society the family is the core. The fathers place was very high. How did the law codes and religious beliefs develop in ancient civilizations? About 5,000 years ago, the first civilizations began to develop along river valleys. The rich, fertile farmlands of river valleys helped these civilizations to thrive. These early civilizations relied on a traditional economy based on farming. Many developed into cities with systems of government, social structures, and belief systems, laying the foundations for later civilizations.
Through warfare and trade, these and other cultural achievements spread to new lands. The Hebrews developed Judaism, a monotheistic religion based on the worship of one God, whose laws are set out in the Torah and the Ten Commandments. In Egypt, the benefits of the Nile River supported the development of early civilization. The history of ancient Egypt is divided into three periods: Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom. Religious beliefs about gods, values, and life after death affected ancient Egyptian life. India is a land of mountains, fertile plains, and arid regions.
In the Indus River valley this civilization was taken over by the Aryans, who invaded India and destroyed many Indus Valley cities. Geography isolated early Chinese civilization, yet the people developed a writing system, literature, silk making, and other arts. They honored nature and ancestor spirits. How did the caste system influence the lives of people in ancient India? The Aryans divided their society into separate castes. Castes were unchanging groups. A person born into one caste never changed castes or mixed with members of other castes. Caste members lived, ate, married, and worked with their own group.
At the top of the caste system were the priests, teachers, and, then warrior caste, farmers and merchants, and craft workers and laborers. The untouchables were the outcastes, or people beyond the caste system. Their jobs or habits involved “polluting activities” including any job that involved ending a life, such as fishing killing or disposing of dead cattle or working with their hides. Untouchables were often forbidden to enter temples, schools and wells where higher castes drew water. In some parts of southern India, even the sight of untouchables was thought to be polluting The Civilization of the Greeks
Greek Ideas about Government The Greeks had a lot of different kinds of governments, because there were many different city-states in ancient Greece, and they each had their own government. In addition, people’s ideas about what made a good government changed over time. Aristotle divided Greek governments into monarchies, oligarchies, tyrannies and democracies. For the most part, Greece began by having monarchies, then oligarchies, then tyrannies and then democracies, but at each period there were plenty of city-states using a different system, and there were many which never did become democracies or tyrannies at all.
All Greek city-states seem to have been monarchies, ruled by kings. Homer’s Iliad, and Greek mythology in general, shows us a whole series of kings like Agamemnon and Theseus, and some of their palaces have survived for archaeologists to dig up. Writing About History Persuasive Writing. How was the polis the center of Greek Life? “Polis” is the Greek word for a city-state. Some city-states were democracies; others were ruled by kings, who in Greek were called tyrants, a tyrant was just a king, not necessarily an evil or cruel. How important was the polis to Greek life?
Let’s put it this way there was no Greek life outside a polis. The entire Greek history is a history of rivalries between city-states. What was the citizen of Ancient Greece Like? Only Males who had: were 18, owned land, were free and both parents of the male had to be the children of citizens. Females, no matter how high born, could not become citizens. Slaves and Foreigners could not become citizens. Also, man slaves could not be citizens either. Citizens were expected to attend regular meetings, as well as serve in the army or navy.
Who ran the Spartan government? They had two kings, hereditary monarchs; the kings were automatic members of the Gerousia, the council of 28 elders picked for life plus the two kings. Five ephors, chosen annually by popular election, had the main power. The final part was the assembly, made up of all Spartan citizens over 18. Why is Athenian democracy considered a model for American democracy? The founders of democracy in Athens exercised decisions through a direct democracy in which all male citizens were allowed to have direct influence on the decisions.
Although in the United States today we accept democracy as a form of life it had its early beginnings in the city-states of Ancient Greece. The form of government known as democracy had its early roots in Ancient Greece but its influence has a direct connection with the type of government we have today in the United States. Today in the United States of America we have a representative democracy in which we appoint “representatives” through election. Define each of the following key terms. Polis – In ancient Greece, an independent city and its surrounding region under a unified government.
Usually the town was walled and contained a citadel on raised ground acropolis and a marketplace agora. Tyrant – A tyrant was one who illegally seized and controlled a governmental power in a polis. Democracy ??? Is a government by the people or rule of many. Oligarchy ??? Is ruled by the few. Direct Democracy – Is a form of government in which people collectively make decisions for themselves, rather than having their political affairs decided by representatives. Without common goals, a community would have a community would have a difficult time maintaining order. (c. aws) Only adult males could vote in ancient Athens. (a. grown-up) The Greek Love of Wisdom. The ancient Greeks considered wisdom to be an important virtue. Socrates and Plato, philosophy was literally the love of Wisdom. Plato’s The Republic, in which the leaders of his proposed utopia are to be philosopher kings: rulers who understand the Form of the Good and possess the courage to act accordingly. Aristotle, in his Metaphysics, defined wisdom as the understanding of causes, i. e. knowing why things are a certain way, which is deeper than merely knowing that things are a certain way.
Philosophy ??? Refers to an organized system of thought. Socratic Method- Socrates used it as a teaching method he presumed that all knowledge was already present in each person and after careful questioning could draw out. Foundations ??? What people build things on like government or religion, like their beliefs. Who lived in the polis? The development of the Greek polis whether a military oligarchy in Sparta or democracy in Athens allowed citizens to participate in political issues. This concept of the “rule by the people,” mainly in Athens, gave the citizens a sense of freedom and harmony.
In order to be a citizen in the polis, one had to be an adult whose ancestors were Greek and from that particular polis. Children, foreigners, and slaves could not be citizens. Citizens had many exclusive rights. How did Athens and Sparta differ? The city-states differed in different regions of ancient Greece. Even though the states kept the concept of the polis, the way in which each was governed differed. Two of the most important city-states were Sparta and Athens. Sparta developed as a war-like polis, while Athens developed as a democratic one. Rome and the Rise of Christianity.